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"value" => "<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">The quality of speech being organized by multiple parties. Depending on whether its form is plural or unified, organized or spontaneous, chorality can either constitute subordination to a norm or the live creation of a subject for collective enunciation.</span></span></p>\r\n ◀<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">The quality of speech being organized by multiple parties. ▶"
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"value" => "<p>Propriété d'une parole dite à plusieurs. Selon que sa forme est plus ou moins unie ou multiple, organisée ou spontanée, la choralité marque soit une subordination à une norme, soit la constitution en temps réel d'un sujet d'énonciation collectif.</p>\r\n ◀<p>Propriété d'une parole dite à plusieurs. Selon que sa forme est plus ou moins unie ou multiple, organisée ou spontanée, la choralité marque soit une subordin ▶"
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<p><strong>Chorality | The quality of speech being organized by multiple parties. Depending on whether its form is plural or unified, organized or spontaneous, chorality can either constitute subordination to a norm or the live creation of a subject for collective enunciation.</strong></p>\r\n ◀<p><strong>Chorality | The quality of speech being organized by multiple parties. Depending on whether its form is plural or unified, organized or spontaneous, ▶
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<p>Our first example of chorality is paradoxical: it is <a href="node/10210">an instance of collective prayer</a> in an evangelical church. Alongside the steady hubbub of individuals brought together by a single activity (speaking to God), we can also hear people speaking or murmuring on their own. It is a minimal choral form, one in which individuals are separate and together all at once (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="85cce0a3-3252-4964-b031-280364732d29" href="/node/9830"><i>Va y avoir du monde</i></a> in the section on <i>Affinity</i>).</p>\r\n ◀<p>Our first example of chorality is paradoxical: it is <a href="node/10210">an instance of collective prayer</a> in an evangelical church. Alongside the steady ▶
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<p>This collection will distinguish between two main types of chorality: unison, which can be produced in various ways; and distributed forms of speech, where one discourse is divided between several speakers. This distinction overlaps with another: preexisting collective discourses (ritualized or scripted) and those where choral speech spontaneously takes shape around a shared activity.</p>\r\n ◀<p>This collection will distinguish between two main types of chorality: unison, which can be produced in various ways; and distributed forms of speech, where o ▶
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<h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Unison</i></h4>\r\n
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<p>The most elementary form of chorality is certainly unison, where several individuals say the same thing at the same time. A simple way of producing unison is to request that a group imitate a main speaker setting the tone and example, like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="c6f30413-d775-48b0-b3f4-361b16ce27a3" href="/node/10200">the head of the Pétainist youth with his disciples</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1b908990-e27f-4342-8e6c-b1eda1f47899" href="/node/10310">an officiate with his flock</a>, <a href="/node/10234">the leader of a group of fans</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="515d9e0e-3217-4349-980f-d936e6d5a8f8" href="/node/9538">a school teacher with his students</a>, or even <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b15963bd-7d28-4e2c-87b8-98aeac0d4c51" href="/node/10326">a protester leading </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b15963bd-7d28-4e2c-87b8-98aeac0d4c51" href="/node/10326">a chain of human amplification</a>. Unison also takes root through custom and repetition, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f257db8b-b1ed-4e8d-a090-794d00a76f84" href="/node/9537">this ceremony</a> held by a Californian cult.</p>\r\n ◀<p>The most elementary form of chorality is certainly unison, where several individuals say the same thing at the same time. A simple way of producing unison is ▶
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<p>Sometimes repetition is produced by training games rather than games of authority, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5092a8d8-37eb-4fb7-989a-fdf289ce088e" href="/node/9659">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5092a8d8-37eb-4fb7-989a-fdf289ce088e" href="/node/9659">excerpt of <i>Down by Law</i></a> by Jim Jarmusch or in <a href="/node/10415">this </a><a href="/node/10415">wrestling scene</a>. When the lead voice disappears or fades into the choral mass, the choir seems almost emancipated, as in <a href="/node/10343">the </a><a href="/node/10343">recitation of poetry</a> or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="897087f9-85f2-4f3a-bb9c-915aceaf75b5" href="/node/9863">multiplication tables</a> at school, in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a2cc43e0-a6d5-4f8f-8b1a-d6b0c61f6d44" href="/node/10261">the </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a2cc43e0-a6d5-4f8f-8b1a-d6b0c61f6d44" href="/node/10261">“haka” chants</a> of the All Blacks, or of course in <a href="/node/10291">certain </a><a href="/node/10291">theatrical performances</a>.</p>\r\n ◀<p>Sometimes repetition is produced by training games rather than games of authority, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data ▶
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<p>A special case of chorality can be found in the example of a leader calling out to a group who responds with a different utterance. This can be heard <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1b908990-e27f-4342-8e6c-b1eda1f47899" href="/node/10310">at </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1b908990-e27f-4342-8e6c-b1eda1f47899" href="/node/10310">mass</a>, in <a href="/node/9658">street protests</a>, at <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="98e26799-1036-4913-871e-00a1b0bd69a9" href="/node/10253">the Guignol</a>, in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8c179e6b-0283-4f35-b24f-ee7a0d03e2a2" href="/node/9530">police shooting instruction sessions</a>, in <a href="/node/9536">this </a><a href="/node/9536">witch hunt</a> by the Monty Python.</p>\r\n ◀<p>A special case of chorality can be found in the example of a leader calling out to a group who responds with a different utterance. This can be heard <a data ▶
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<p>A whole range of written modes of chorality can be heard in <a href="/node/9661">this </a><a href="/node/9661">action by the DurEs à Queer collective</a> in Nantes in 2010: firstly, a form of unison (“Where are my rights”), then a form of speaking out, one by one, based on the same model (“I am a faggot where are my rights? I am a dyke where are my rights?”), followed by a collective response to a call (“What do we want? Equal rights!”).</p>\r\n ◀<p>A whole range of written modes of chorality can be heard in <a href="/node/9661">this </a><a href="/node/9661">action by the DurEs à Queer collective</a> in ▶
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<h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Distributed chorality</i></h4>\r\n
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<p>Chorality can obviously take more subtle forms than unison. One very common mode is the distribution of a single discourse between two speakers. This is the case with <a href="/node/9529">comedy duos</a> or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ddd6a216-515f-425f-a4ee-010e768a0268" href="/node/9642">troubadours</a>, <a href="/node/10225">orators speaking with interpreters</a>, <a href="/node/9380">hypnotists working in pairs</a>, or even, more rarely, Jacques Rivette characters pretending to remember erotically <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="04e41bee-21b7-4cd7-bc7a-0908e254217f" href="/node/9650">shared childhood memories</a>.</p>\r\n ◀<p>Chorality can obviously take more subtle forms than unison. One very common mode is the distribution of a single discourse between two speakers. This is the ▶
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<p>Dual composition seems most common in this kind of pre-established distribution (this is the case, incidentally, in prayer as we hear it, with a leader and a group that follows them). On the other hand, in freer, more everyday forms, distribution and ventilation can be shared between a highly variable number of speakers.</p>\r\n ◀<p>Dual composition seems most common in this kind of pre-established distribution (this is the case, incidentally, in prayer as we hear it, with a leader and a ▶
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<h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Emerging chorality</i></h4>\r\n
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<p>These forms of chorality are built on the present moment of speech: several people do the same thing together, each in their own way, while pushing what is being said in a shared direction, that is to say, while sharing an activity. In such cases, we can witness the emergence of a subject for collective enunciation.</p>\r\n ◀<p>These forms of chorality are built on the present moment of speech: several people do the same thing together, each in their own way, while pushing what is b ▶
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<p>These activities can be very diverse:</p>\r\n
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<p>- learning or rehearsing, like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0eb48de1-3808-4225-a65b-cccfc387b197" href="/node/10188">these </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0eb48de1-3808-4225-a65b-cccfc387b197" href="/node/10188">two-year-old children</a> learning a poem with their parents; similarly, <a href="/node/9663">a </a><a href="/node/9663">collective of artists</a> rehearsing a spoken-word choir, or even <a href="/node/10312">an actor and director</a> recording a radio jingle (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="bb404449-a68b-4650-bf1b-38e2b7c51d3f" href="/node/9865"><i>Tu me l’écris je peux p’têtre te dire</i></a>).</p>\r\n ◀<p>- learning or rehearsing, like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0eb48de1-3808-4225-a65b-cccfc387b197" href=" ▶
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<p>- telling a story, like <a href="/node/10342">Marguerite Duras and Gérard Depardieu</a> in <i>Le Camion</i>, or this couple recounting a vacation incident.</p>\r\n ◀<p>- telling a story, like <a href="/node/10342">Marguerite Duras and Gérard Depardieu</a> in <i>Le Camion</i>, or this couple recounting a vacation incident.</ ▶
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<p>- observing or describing something, whether <a href="/node/10372">in the context of a </a><a href="/node/10372">safari</a>, <a href="/node/10277">sports commentary</a>, <a href="/node/9859">supervising dance rehearsals</a>, or even in <a href="/node/9866">the </a><a href="/node/9866">preparation and simulation</a> of stunts during patrol.</p>\r\n ◀<p>- observing or describing something, whether <a href="/node/10372">in the context of a </a><a href="/node/10372">safari</a>, <a href="/node/10277">sports com ▶
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<p>- answering someone else’s question together, like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a192db22-6100-49e7-86ee-3e87cbbcb18f" href="/node/9532">these </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a192db22-6100-49e7-86ee-3e87cbbcb18f" href="/node/9532">old companions</a> interviewed by a documentary filmmaker, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="213c8cb7-175c-4f5a-ae7a-a39d2d59774f" href="/node/9664">the four members of </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="213c8cb7-175c-4f5a-ae7a-a39d2d59774f" href="/node/9664">Pink Floyd</a> speaking in turn, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7c11a7e7-ecae-4c2a-8972-aa943a53405d" href="/node/10307">filmmakers Straub and Huillet</a> speaking in one voice, or <a href="/node/10241">these teenagers</a> collectively building a definition of adolescence.</p>\r\n ◀<p>- answering someone else’s question together, like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a192db22-6100-49e7-86ee- ▶
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<p>- improvising collective discourse, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="40ccdf8c-5cde-46f7-9847-ef892df321e0" href="/node/9535">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="40ccdf8c-5cde-46f7-9847-ef892df321e0" href="/node/9535">performance by the W group</a>, or even in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="909b1eb6-64c2-4cbf-9d5a-cdd6bbe3a5bf" href="/node/9860">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="909b1eb6-64c2-4cbf-9d5a-cdd6bbe3a5bf" href="/node/9860">exchange between two babies</a>.</p>\r\n ◀<p>- improvising collective discourse, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="40ccdf8c-5cde-46f7-9847-ef892df32 ▶
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<p>- playing with listing synonyms, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8c862bcd-20de-4add-8602-c5528c9976a7" href="/node/9665">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8c862bcd-20de-4add-8602-c5528c9976a7" href="/node/9665">excerpt of <i>Masculin/Féminin</i></a> by Jean-Luc Godard.</p>\r\n ◀<p>- playing with listing synonyms, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8c862bcd-20de-4add-8602-c5528c9976a7 ▶
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<p>- <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d8344f75-40b8-4110-993c-fd8d881e7f07" href="/node/10213">defending or justifying</a> one’s actions before an uncooperative worker, or in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e6580089-e0e6-4ce7-94b3-c2cee897a17b" href="/node/9539">the face of a </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e6580089-e0e6-4ce7-94b3-c2cee897a17b" href="/node/9539">serious accusation</a> that has allowed for the unified emergence of one’s girlfriends.<br />\r\n ◀<p>- <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d8344f75-40b8-4110-993c-fd8d881e7f07" href="/node/10213">defending or jus ▶
- thinking together, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="654d760e-880f-419b-b74d-2fd32581c9d5" href="/node/10224">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="654d760e-880f-419b-b74d-2fd32581c9d5" href="/node/10224">meeting by the <em>Encyclopédie de la parole</em></a>.<br />\r\n ◀- thinking together, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="654d760e-880f-419b-b74d-2fd32581c9d5" href="/node/1 ▶
- simply dining with friends <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="37ad4eaf-2269-4990-bf24-57a6f3cee07a" href="/node/9534">to discuss a dish one may have cooked</a>, or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="fa0a8625-835a-4fa9-b67a-a066ddb1d0c0" href="/node/9867">searching for </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="fa0a8625-835a-4fa9-b67a-a066ddb1d0c0" href="/node/9867">descriptions and translations</a> of ingredients.</p>\r\n ◀- simply dining with friends <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="37ad4eaf-2269-4990-bf24-57a6f3cee07a" href="/node ▶
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<p><br />\r\n
<span style="color:black">Finally, a particularly elaborate representation of chorality which intertwines different speakers, texts, and languages: <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7ada00bb-1fbe-4f62-a7c5-d6d0e65818bb" href="/node/9469">an excerpt from the play <i>A-Ronne 2</i></a> by Luciano Berio.</span></p>\r\n ◀<span style="color:black">Finally, a particularly elaborate representation of chorality which intertwines different speakers, texts, and languages: <a data-enti ▶
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<p><strong>Choralité | Propriété d'une parole dite à plusieurs. Selon que sa forme est plus ou moins unie ou multiple, organisée ou spontanée, la choralité marque soit une subordination à une norme, soit la constitution en temps réel d'un sujet d'énonciation collectif.</strong></p>\r\n ◀<p><strong>Choralité | Propriété d'une parole dite à plusieurs. Selon que sa forme est plus ou moins unie ou multiple, organisée ou spontanée, la choralité marq ▶
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<p>Le premier exemple que nous donnons de la choralité est paradoxal : il s’agit d’<a href="/node/10210">un moment de </a><a href="/node/10210">prière collective</a> dans une église évangélique. On entend le brouhaha régulier d'individus qui sont unis par la même activité (s’adresser à Dieu), mais parlent, ou murmurent chacun de leur côté. C’est une forme chorale a minima, dans laquelle les individus sont à la fois ensemble et séparés (écouter aussi <em><a href="/node/9830">Va y avoir du monde</a></em> dans l'entrée <em>Sympathies</em>).</p>\r\n ◀<p>Le premier exemple que nous donnons de la choralité est paradoxal : il s’agit d’<a href="/node/10210">un moment de </a><a href="/node/10210">prière collectiv ▶
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<p>La collection va distinguer deux grandes familles de choralités : l’unisson, qui peut être produit de diverses façons, et des formes de paroles distribuées, où un même discours se répartit entre plusieurs locuteurs. Cette distinction en recoupe une autre : les discours collectifs préexistants (rituels ou scénarisés), et ceux où la parole chorale se constitue spontanément autour d’une activité partagée.</p>\r\n ◀<p>La collection va distinguer deux grandes familles de choralités : l’unisson, qui peut être produit de diverses façons, et des formes de paroles distribuées, ▶
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<h4 class="inter-titre">Unissons</h4>\r\n
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<p>La choralité la plus élémentaire est sans nul doute la forme de l’unisson, dans laquelle plusieurs individus disent la même chose en même temps. Un moyen simple de produire un unisson est d’exiger d’un groupe qu’il imite un locuteur principal qui donne le ton et l’exemple, comme fait <a href="/node/10200">le chef des jeunesses pétainistes et ses disciples</a>, <a href="/node/10310">l’officiant et ses ouailles</a>, <a href="/node/10234">le leader d’un groupe de supporters</a>, <a href="/node/9538">le maître d’école et ses élèves</a>, ou encore un manifestant instruisant <a href="/node/10326" title="Mic check">une chaîne d’amplification humaine</a>. L’unisson s'impose aussi par l'usage et la répétition comme dans <a href="/node/9537" title="Together">cette cérémonie d'une secte californienne</a>.</p>\r\n ◀<p>La choralité la plus élémentaire est sans nul doute la forme de l’unisson, dans laquelle plusieurs individus disent la même chose en même temps. Un moyen sim ▶
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<p>Parfois la répétition se produit davantage par un jeu d’entraînement que d’autorité, comme dans <a href="/node/9659">cet </a><a href="/node/9659">extrait du film <em>Down by Law</em></a> de Jim Jarmusch, ou dans <a href="/node/10415">cette scène de catch</a>. </p>\r\n ◀<p>Parfois la répétition se produit davantage par un jeu d’entraînement que d’autorité, comme dans <a href="/node/9659">cet </a><a href="/node/9659">extrait du ▶
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<p>Quand la voix-modèle se retire ou se fond dans la masse chorale, le chœur donne l’impression d’être émancipé, comme dans <a href="/node/10343">la récitation scolaire de poésie</a> ou <a href="/node/9863">de</a><a href="/sites/default/files/corpus/five_time_five.mp3"> </a><a href="/node/9863">tables de multiplications</a>, dans <a href="/node/10261">les "hakas" des All-Blacks</a>, ou bien sûr <a href="/node/10291">dans certaines performances théâtrales</a>.</p>\r\n ◀<p>Quand la voix-modèle se retire ou se fond dans la masse chorale, le chœur donne l’impression d’être émancipé, comme dans <a href="/node/10343">la récitation ▶
\r\n
<p>Un cas particulier de choralité est celui où un leader lance un appel auquel le groupe répond par un autre énoncé. Cela peut s’entendre à <a href="/node/10310">la messe</a>, dans <a href="/node/9658">des manifestations de rue</a>, au <a href="/node/10253">Guignol</a>, dans <a href="/node/9530">des séances d'instruction de tir</a> de la police nationale, dans <a href="/node/9536">cette chasse aux sorcières</a> des Monty Python.</p>\r\n ◀<p>Un cas particulier de choralité est celui où un leader lance un appel auquel le groupe répond par un autre énoncé. Cela peut s’entendre à <a href="/node/1031 ▶
\r\n
<p><a href="/node/9661">Dans cette action du collectif DurEs à Queer</a> à Nantes en 2010, on peut entendre une multiplicité de modes de choralité écrite : d'abord un unisson ("<em>Où sont mes droits ?</em>"), puis une prise de parole une à une sur un même modèle ("Je suis pédé où sont mes droits ? Je suis gouine où sont mes droits ?", puis une réponse collective à un appel ("<em>Et qu'est-ce qu'on veut ? L'égalité des droits !</em>").</p>\r\n ◀<p><a href="/node/9661">Dans cette action du collectif DurEs à Queer</a> à Nantes en 2010, on peut entendre une multiplicité de modes de choralité écrite : ▶
\r\n
<h4 class="inter-titre">Choralités distribuées</h4>\r\n
\r\n
<p>La choralité peut évidemment prendre des formes plus subtiles que l’unisson. Un mode très répandu est ainsi la répartition d’un même discours entre deux locuteurs. C’est le cas <a href="/node/9529">des duos de comiques</a> ou <a href="/node/9642">de troubadours</a>, <a href="/node/10225">des orateurs pourvus d’interprètes</a>, <a href="/node/9380">des hypnotiseurs qui travaillent à deux</a>, voire, plus exceptionnellement, <a href="/node/9650">de </a><a href="/node/9650">personnages de Jacques Rivette</a> faisant mine de se rappeler des souvenirs d’enfance érotiquement partagés.</p>\r\n ◀<p>La choralité peut évidemment prendre des formes plus subtiles que l’unisson. Un mode très répandu est ainsi la répartition d’un même discours entre deux locu ▶
\r\n
<p>La composition duale semble la plus courante dans ce type de distribution pré-établie (c’est d’ailleurs le cas dans une prière telle qu’on a pu l’entendre, avec un leader et un groupe qui suit). En revanche, on va trouver dans les formes plus libres, plus quotidiennes, des distributions, ventilations réparties sur un nombre très variable de locuteurs.</p>\r\n ◀<p>La composition duale semble la plus courante dans ce type de distribution pré-établie (c’est d’ailleurs le cas dans une prière telle qu’on a pu l’entendre, a ▶
\r\n
<h4 class="inter-titre">Choralités en émergence</h4>\r\n
\r\n
<p>Ces choralités se construisent dans le présent de la parole: plusieurs personnes font ensemble la même chose, chacune à sa façon, mais en poussant la parole dans une direction commune, c’est-à-dire en partageant une activité. On peut ainsi assister à l'émergence d'un sujet collectif. Ces activités peuvent être très diverses :<br />\r\n ◀<p>Ces choralités se construisent dans le présent de la parole: plusieurs personnes font ensemble la même chose, chacune à sa façon, mais en poussant la parole ▶
- apprendre ou répéter, comme ces <a href="/node/10188">enfants de deux ans</a> qui apprennent un poème avec leurs parents ; de même <a href="/node/9663">un </a><a href="/node/9663">collectif d’artistes</a> qui répète une chorale parlée, ou bien <a href="/node/10312">un comédien et un réalisateur</a> qui enregistrent un générique radiophonique (écouter aussi <em><a href="/node/9865">Tu me l'écris je peux p'têtre te dire</a></em>).<br />\r\n ◀- apprendre ou répéter, comme ces <a href="/node/10188">enfants de deux ans</a> qui apprennent un poème avec leurs parents ; de même <a href="/node/9663">u ▶
- raconter une histoire, comme <a href="/node/10342">Marguerite Duras et Gérard Depardieu</a> dans <em>Le Camion</em> ou <a href="/node/9531">ce couple relatant un incident de vacances</a>.<br />\r\n ◀- raconter une histoire, comme <a href="/node/10342">Marguerite Duras et Gérard Depardieu</a> dans <em>Le Camion</em> ou <a href="/node/9531">ce couple rel ▶
- observer ou décrire, que ce soit dans le cadre d'<a href="/node/10372">un safari</a>, d'<a href="/node/10277">un commentaire sportif</a>, de <a href="/node/9859">la </a><a href="/node/9859">supervision de répétitions de danse</a>, de <a href="/node/9866">la préparation et simulation de voltiges en patrouille</a>.<br />\r\n ◀- observer ou décrire, que ce soit dans le cadre d'<a href="/node/10372">un safari</a>, d'<a href="/node/10277">un commentaire sportif</a>, de <a href ▶
- répondre ensemble aux questions d’un tiers, comme <a href="/node/9532">ces anciens camarades</a> questionnés par un documentariste, <a href="/node/9664">les 4 membres de </a><a href="/node/9664">Pink Floyd</a> s'exprimant tour à tour, <a href="/corpus/choralites/track-le-luxe">les cinéastes Straub et Huillet</a> parlant d’une seule voix, ou bien encore <a href="/node/10241">ces </a><a href="/node/10241">adolescents qui construisent collectivement</a> une définition de l’adolescence.<br />\r\n ◀- répondre ensemble aux questions d’un tiers, comme <a href="/node/9532">ces anciens camarades</a> questionnés par un documentariste, <a href="/node/9664"> ▶
- improviser un discours collectif, comme dans <a href="/node/9535">cette performance du collectif W</a>, voire dans <a href="/node/9860">cet échange entre deux bébés</a>.<br />\r\n ◀- improviser un discours collectif, comme dans <a href="/node/9535">cette performance du collectif W</a>, voire dans <a href="/node/9860">cet échange entre deux ▶
- jouer à décliner des synonymes, comme dans <a href="/node/9665">cet extrait du film <em>Masculin Féminin</em></a> de Jean-Luc Godard.<br />\r\n
- se défendre ou se justifier <a href="/node/10213">face à une ouvrière récalcitrante</a>, ou <a href="/node/9539">à une grave accusation</a> permettant de faire émerger une cohésion de copines.<br />\r\n ◀- se défendre ou se justifier <a href="/node/10213">face à une ouvrière récalcitrante</a>, ou <a href="/node/9539">à une grave accusation</a> permettant de ▶
- réfléchir ensemble, comme dans <a href="/node/10224">cette réunion de travail de l’Encyclopédie de la parole</a>.<br />\r\n
- simplement <a href="/node/9534">dîner entre amis</a> pour parler d’un plat que l’on a pu cuisiner ou bien établir <a href="/node/9867">des traductions et descriptions d’ingrédients</a>. </p>\r\n ◀- simplement <a href="/node/9534">dîner entre amis</a> pour parler d’un plat que l’on a pu cuisiner ou bien établir <a href="/node/9867">des traductions et desc ▶
\r\n
<p>Enfin, une représentation particulièrement élaborée de choralité entremêlant différents locuteurs, différents textes et différentes langues : <a href="/node/9469">un</a><a href="/node/9469"> extrait de la pièce A-Ronne 2</a> de Luciano Berio.</p>\r\n ◀<p>Enfin, une représentation particulièrement élaborée de choralité entremêlant différents locuteurs, différents textes et différentes langues : <a href="/node/ ▶
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}
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"changed" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1280 ▶
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"config" => array:1 [▶
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]
]
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#fieldStorage: null
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}
"default_langcode" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1231 ▶
#definition: array:9 [▶
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#itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1234 ▶
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"off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1236 ▶
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}
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"revision_default" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1237 ▶
#definition: array:10 [▶
"label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1238 ▶
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"description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1239 ▶
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}
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#itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1240 ▶
#definition: array:2 [▶
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"on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1241 ▶
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}
"off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1242 ▶
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#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
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]
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}
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}
"revision_translation_affected" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1243 ▶
#definition: array:9 [▶
"label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1244 ▶
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"description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1245 ▶
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}
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]
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#itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1246 ▶
#definition: array:2 [▶
"type" => "field_item:boolean"
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"on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1247 ▶
#string: "On"
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#stringTranslation: null
}
"off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1248 ▶
#string: "Off"
#arguments: []
#translatedMarkup: null
#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
]
]
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#fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1243}
}
#type: "boolean"
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#schema: null
#indexes: []
}
"metatag" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1249 ▶
#definition: array:10 [▶
"label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1250 ▶
#string: "Metatags (Hidden field for JSON support)"
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#stringTranslation: null
}
"description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1251 ▶
#string: "The computed meta tags for the entity."
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#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
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"bundle" => null
]
#typedDataManager: null
#itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1252 ▶
#definition: array:2 [▶
"type" => "field_item:metatag_computed"
"settings" => []
]
#typedDataManager: null
#fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1249}
}
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#indexes: []
}
"path" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1281 ▶
#entityTypeId: "base_field_override"
#enforceIsNew: null
#typedData: null
#cacheContexts: array:2 [▶
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1 => "languages:language_interface"
]
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#dependencies: array:2 [▶
"config" => array:1 [▶
0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees"
]
"module" => array:1 [▶
0 => "path"
]
]
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#id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.path"
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#default_value: []
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#fieldStorage: null
#itemDefinition: null
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+original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride
}
"content_translation_source" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1256 ▶
#definition: array:10 [▶
"label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1257 ▶
#string: "Translation source"
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#translatedMarkup: null
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}
"description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1258 ▶
#string: "The source language from which this translation was created."
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#translatedMarkup: null
#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
"default_value" => array:1 [▶
0 => array:1 [▶
"value" => "und"
]
]
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"value" => "und"
]
]
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]
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#itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1259 ▶
#definition: array:2 [▶
"type" => "field_item:language"
"settings" => []
]
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#fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1256}
}
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#schema: null
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}
"content_translation_outdated" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1260 ▶
#definition: array:10 [▶
"label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1261 ▶
#string: "Translation outdated"
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#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
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"description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1262 ▶
#string: "A boolean indicating whether this translation needs to be updated."
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#translatedMarkup: null
#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
"default_value" => array:1 [▶
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]
]
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0 => array:1 [▶
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]
]
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"entity_type" => "taxonomy_term"
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]
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#itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1263 ▶
#definition: array:2 [▶
"type" => "field_item:boolean"
"settings" => array:2 [▶
"on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1264 ▶
#string: "On"
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#translatedMarkup: null
#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
"off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1265 ▶
#string: "Off"
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#stringTranslation: null
}
]
]
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#fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1260}
}
#type: "boolean"
#propertyDefinitions: null
#schema: null
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}
"content_translation_uid" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1266 ▶
#definition: array:9 [▶
"label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1267 ▶
#string: "Translation author"
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#translatedMarkup: null
#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
"description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1268 ▶
#string: "The author of this translation."
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#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
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"provider" => "content_translation"
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"entity_type" => "taxonomy_term"
"bundle" => null
]
#typedDataManager: null
#itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1269 ▶
#definition: array:2 [▶
"type" => "field_item:entity_reference"
"settings" => array:3 [▶
"target_type" => "user"
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"handler_settings" => []
]
]
#typedDataManager: null
#fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1266}
}
#type: "entity_reference"
#propertyDefinitions: null
#schema: null
#indexes: []
}
"content_translation_created" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1270 ▶
#definition: array:8 [▶
"label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1271 ▶
#string: "Translation created time"
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#translatedMarkup: null
#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
"description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1272 ▶
#string: "The Unix timestamp when the translation was created."
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#translatedMarkup: null
#options: []
#stringTranslation: null
}
"revisionable" => true
"translatable" => true
"provider" => "content_translation"
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"entity_type" => "taxonomy_term"
"bundle" => null
]
#typedDataManager: null
#itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1273 ▶
#definition: array:2 [▶
"type" => "field_item:created"
"settings" => []
]
#typedDataManager: null
#fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1270}
}
#type: "created"
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#schema: null
#indexes: []
}
"field_notice" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1282 ▶
#entityTypeId: "field_config"
#enforceIsNew: null
#typedData: null
#cacheContexts: array:2 [▶
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1 => "languages:language_interface"
]
#cacheTags: []
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-isUninstalling: false
#langcode: "fr"
#third_party_settings: []
#_core: []
#trustedData: false
#dependencies: array:2 [▶
"config" => array:2 [▶
0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_notice"
1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees"
]
"module" => array:1 [▶
0 => "text"
]
]
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#id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_notice"
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#translatable: true
#default_value: []
#default_value_callback: ""
#fieldStorage: null
#itemDefinition: null
#constraints: []
#propertyConstraints: []
#deleted: false
+original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig
}
"field_workflow" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1283 ▶
#entityTypeId: "field_config"
#enforceIsNew: null
#typedData: null
#cacheContexts: array:2 [▶
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1 => "languages:language_interface"
]
#cacheTags: []
#cacheMaxAge: -1
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#originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_workflow"
#status: true
#uuid: "e0dc8009-88cd-48a6-9333-ab4666478b8f"
-isUninstalling: false
#langcode: "fr"
#third_party_settings: []
#_core: []
#trustedData: false
#dependencies: array:2 [▶
"config" => array:2 [▶
0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_workflow"
1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees"
]
"module" => array:1 [▶
0 => "workflow"
]
]
#isSyncing: false
#id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_workflow"
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#field_type: "workflow"
#entity_type: "taxonomy_term"
#bundle: "entrees"
#label: "Workflow"
#description: ""
#settings: []
#required: true
#translatable: false
#default_value: array:1 [▶
0 => []
]
#default_value_callback: ""
#fieldStorage: null
#itemDefinition: null
#constraints: []
#propertyConstraints: []
#deleted: false
+original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig
}
"field_color" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1284 ▶
#entityTypeId: "field_config"
#enforceIsNew: null
#typedData: null
#cacheContexts: array:2 [▶
0 => "url.site"
1 => "languages:language_interface"
]
#cacheTags: []
#cacheMaxAge: -1
#_serviceIds: []
#_entityStorages: []
#originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_color"
#status: true
#uuid: "185764a3-7cbf-4de2-a7b1-aafab3624b20"
-isUninstalling: false
#langcode: "fr"
#third_party_settings: []
#_core: []
#trustedData: false
#dependencies: array:2 [▶
"config" => array:2 [▶
0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_color"
1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees"
]
"module" => array:1 [▶
0 => "color_field"
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]
#isSyncing: false
#id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_color"
#field_name: "field_color"
#field_type: "color_field_type"
#entity_type: "taxonomy_term"
#bundle: "entrees"
#label: "Color"
#description: ""
#settings: array:1 [▶
"opacity" => 0
]
#required: true
#translatable: false
#default_value: []
#default_value_callback: ""
#fieldStorage: null
#itemDefinition: null
#constraints: []
#propertyConstraints: []
#deleted: false
+original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig
}
]
#languages: array:4 [▶
"fr" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1103 ▶
#name: "French"
#id: "fr"
#direction: "ltr"
#weight: 0
#locked: false
}
"en" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1102 ▶
#name: "English"
#id: "en"
#direction: "ltr"
#weight: 1
#locked: false
}
"und" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1104 ▶
#name: "Not specified"
#id: "und"
#direction: "ltr"
#weight: 2
#locked: true
}
"zxx" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1098 ▶
#name: "Not applicable"
#id: "zxx"
#direction: "ltr"
#weight: 3
#locked: true
}
]
#langcodeKey: "langcode"
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#defaultLangcode: "fr"
#translations: &28 array:2 [▶
"x-default" => array:2 [▶
"status" => 1
"entity" => Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term {#1095 ▶
#entityTypeId: "taxonomy_term"
#enforceIsNew: &2 null
#typedData: null
#cacheContexts: []
#cacheTags: []
#cacheMaxAge: -1
#_serviceIds: []
#_entityStorages: []
#values: &3 array:25 [▶]
#fields: &4 []
#fieldDefinitions: null
#languages: array:4 [▶
"fr" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1103 ▶}
"en" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1102 ▶}
"und" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1104 ▶}
"zxx" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1098 ▶}
]
#langcodeKey: "langcode"
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#activeLangcode: "x-default"
#enforceDefaultTranslation: null
#defaultLangcode: "fr"
#translations: &28 array:2 […]
#translationInitialize: false
#newRevision: &29 false
#isDefaultRevision: &30 "1"
#entityKeys: &31 array:4 [▶
"bundle" => "entrees"
"id" => "125"
"revision" => "125"
"uuid" => "91993370-b80b-49c4-b392-8911a5034960"
]
#translatableEntityKeys: &32 array:5 [▶
"label" => array:2 [▶
"en" => "Chorality"
"x-default" => "Choralités"
]
"langcode" => array:2 [▶
"x-default" => "fr"
"en" => "en"
]
"published" => array:2 [▶
"en" => "1"
"x-default" => "1"
]
"default_langcode" => array:2 [▶
"en" => "0"
"x-default" => "1"
]
"revision_translation_affected" => array:2 [▶
"en" => null
"x-default" => "1"
]
]
#validated: false
#validationRequired: false
#loadedRevisionId: &33 "125"
#revisionTranslationAffectedKey: "revision_translation_affected"
#enforceRevisionTranslationAffected: &34 []
#isSyncing: &35 false
}
]
"en" => array:2 [▶
"status" => 1
"entity" => Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term {#1100}
]
]
#translationInitialize: false
#newRevision: &29 false
#isDefaultRevision: &30 "1"
#entityKeys: &31 array:4 [▶]
#translatableEntityKeys: &32 array:5 [▶]
#validated: false
#validationRequired: false
#loadedRevisionId: &33 "125"
#revisionTranslationAffectedKey: "revision_translation_affected"
#enforceRevisionTranslationAffected: &34 []
#isSyncing: &35 false
}