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Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term {#1102 #entityTypeId: "taxonomy_term" #enforceIsNew: &2 null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: [] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #values: &3 array:25 [ "tid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "120" ] "revision_id" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "120" ] "vid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "entrees" ] "uuid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "e1fd9ea8-2a82-4441-a9b8-de187baca19b" ] "langcode" => array:2 [ "x-default" => "fr" "en" => "en" ] "revision_default" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_user" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "revision_created" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "revision_log_message" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "isDefaultRevision" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "1" ] "name" => array:2 [ "en" => "Indexation" "x-default" => "Indexations" ] "description" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "value" => "<p>The quality of speech being linked to an external event that it follows, points to, comments, supports, or orders, and from which it draws its formal properties, notably rhythmic ones.</p>\r\n<p>The quality of speech being linked to an external event that it follows, points to, comments, supports, or orders, and from which it draws its formal propert" "format" => "wysiwyg" ] "x-default" => array:2 [ "value" => "<p>Propriété d'une parole couplée à un événement extérieur qu'elle suit, désigne, décrit, commente, encourage, commande, et dont elle tire certaines de ses propriétés formelles, notamment rythmiques.</p>\r\n<p>Propriété d'une parole couplée à un événement extérieur qu'elle suit, désigne, décrit, commente, encourage, commande, et dont elle tire certaines de ses prop" "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] "changed" => array:2 [ "en" => "1581519127" "x-default" => "1581519127" ] "default_langcode" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "1" ] "content_translation_source" => array:2 [ "en" => "fr" "x-default" => "und" ] "content_translation_outdated" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "0" ] "content_translation_uid" => array:2 [ "en" => "32" "x-default" => "0" ] "content_translation_created" => array:2 [ "en" => "1523447910" "x-default" => "1523614399" ] "status" => array:2 [ "en" => "1" "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_translation_affected" => array:2 [ "en" => null "x-default" => "1" ] "weight" => array:2 [ "en" => "-16" "x-default" => "-16" ] "parent" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "target_id" => "0" ] ] ] "field_color" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "color" => "#655845" "opacity" => null ] ] ] "field_notice" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "value" => """ <p><strong>Indexation | The quality of speech being linked to an external event that it follows, points to, comments, supports, or orders, and from which it draws its formal properties, notably rhythmic ones.</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Indexation | The quality of speech being linked to an external event that it follows, points to, comments, supports, or orders, and from which it dra \r\n <p>Speech is <i>indexed</i> to an external event to the extent that both share a certain duration, a course of action that the speaker is bound to in some way. Sports commentary is thus a form of speech whose form and existence are directly due to the event it comments. This is the case with c<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4c512d58-986a-4af3-a44c-e1d5b6a0e631" href="/node/9397">/node/9397</a> and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="17009838-3f82-4afc-9b12-8122ba3bb656" href="/node/9466">soccer commentary</a>: accelerating output, decreasing details at crucial moments, intensity: the more breathless the commentary, the more listeners will get the impression they are actually present at <i>such</i> race or <i>such </i>game (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="06813c4c-4eb6-4e24-b3c4-0e425c8b747e" href="/node/10322"><i>Medal wa mieta</i></a>).</p>\r\n<p>Speech is <i>indexed</i> to an external event to the extent that both share a certain duration, a course of action that the speaker is bound to in some way. \r\n <p>Indexation could also be described as follows: speaker A shares, represents, and transmits their speech over the course of action B, with speaker C present. Thus, the horse race (B) is related by a commentator (A) for spectators (C). The object of indexation thus takes shape through the movements of an inanimate object, the actions of a human or group of humans, the actions of a human on a horse, the horse itself, and the field streaming by because of humans carrying out their actions on horses which make up something of interest for spectators and commentators.</p>\r\n<p>Indexation could also be described as follows: speaker A shares, represents, and transmits their speech over the course of action B, with speaker C present. \r\n <p>A typical example of indexation can be found in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e186215b-815e-4715-97a8-d2f69c582952" href="/node/9462">this excerpt of a “real-time” description</a> of General De Gaulle’s trip and welcome to Québec. A great number of situations lend themselves to this kind of action, such as <a href="/node/9394">reports</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7e620256-8bf3-463f-bf0e-c03bd30b48f7" href="/node/10158">reaction videos</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="612acf0b-c0b8-44f3-a1f8-bd96d68c6ce8" href="/node/10248">auctions</a>. We have also found this case of <a href="/node/9984">a </a><a href="/node/9984">controversial description of gestures</a> for deaf and mute persons (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3dd2bd8c-e48e-4366-9c29-f3b852b2f0d4" href="/node/10214"><i>Capturer un groupe de macque rhésus femelles</i></a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="82148d6b-b9f9-4f41-9a1b-6de4311cbcae" href="/node/9406"><i>Le premier signal</i></a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="36a3e4ff-546a-416a-af62-23113a64d228" href="/node/9986"><i>Look at that big change</i></a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="34ff00ec-791e-4fda-a047-0e65deaee1ba" href="/node/9985"><i>The best culinary magic trick</i></a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="64def720-9dc5-43eb-8360-e15bda6698a6" href="/node/9979"><i>We call this a capitulation</i></a>, and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d0d28fe0-1d67-4525-a36f-e97246966fd1" href="/node/9459"><i>Attentat à Jerusalem</i></a>).</p>\r\n<p>A typical example of indexation can be found in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e186215b-815e-4715-97a8-d2f \r\n <p>Based on these typical cases, we can distinguish between several other cases that make up the collection:</p>\r\n \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Explanation</i></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Occurs when A and B are mixed up—that is, when a speaker (A) describes an action (B) they are carrying out to a third person (C). I represent myself in action to a spectator through speech. Thus, in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="19fd9197-0f95-4392-87ca-ebdb46dec728" href="/node/9635">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="19fd9197-0f95-4392-87ca-ebdb46dec728" href="/node/9635">excerpt of a documentary on Alfred Cortot</a>, the great pianist shows a young lady the “dreamy” way that he believes Schumann’s piece <i>The Poet Speaks</i> should be played. Or, in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ce3e463c-0742-4a66-a416-ff0bd339fb6b" href="/node/10311">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ce3e463c-0742-4a66-a416-ff0bd339fb6b" href="/node/10311">harmonic analysis</a>, taken from a recording about learning how to play guitar, Valérie Duchâteau comments on a Bach score over her very own recording of the prelude.</p>\r\n<p>Occurs when A and B are mixed up—that is, when a speaker (A) describes an action (B) they are carrying out to a third person (C). I represent myself in actio \r\n <p>Such is also the case in <a href="/node/10320">this </a><a href="/node/10320">excerpt of a cooking show,</a> <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="50fd4744-39ac-4e83-bddb-627b0bd15198" href="/node/10236">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="50fd4744-39ac-4e83-bddb-627b0bd15198" href="/node/10236">dance class</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="02fd308a-c3d4-40b1-9645-efe77050a9de" href="/node/9636">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="02fd308a-c3d4-40b1-9645-efe77050a9de" href="/node/9636">mathematics lesson</a>, and this <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="da880e6d-cb2c-458c-9800-62ffde92f8da" href="/node/9468">more domestic tutorial</a> (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="75a7bf25-077e-4047-8583-b749ca8f3876" href="/node/9838"><i>Ocho cortado</i></a>).</p>\r\n<p>Such is also the case in <a href="/node/10320">this </a><a href="/node/10320">excerpt of a cooking show,</a> <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-ent \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Instructions</i></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Occur when B and C are mixed up, that is to say when the action described is carried out by the person speaker A is addressing: thus, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d90b1437-d24a-44d2-86b0-f9de49e26bac" href="/node/9557">in this recording</a>, an owner (A) gives instructions (B) to his dog, who is the recipient (C) of his speech. The three orders “Lie down!” “Sit!” and “Stand!” depend upon the dog’s response. In this case, the indexation is reciprocal, because the recipient of the speech retroactively acts upon the speaker, like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="89327d72-0802-43a2-9642-65c01f54209c" href="/node/9460">this boxing coach</a> or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0089e785-37e7-4690-9934-546afb3e83cd" href="/node/10238">this conductor</a> (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="70abc88b-353f-45ba-a0d5-3885d7d07ac4" href="/node/9837"><i>Nur der Fluß ist weg</i></a>). This relationship to indexation can thus produce the impression that the event described is being mutually constructed, another example being <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="01b7b35f-1671-40e2-89da-4a1da363485d" href="/node/9574">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="01b7b35f-1671-40e2-89da-4a1da363485d" href="/node/9574">recording of a game of Pictionary</a> or the <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="467a4976-27ba-4b36-869a-04ac21cf97c9" href="/node/10257">turmoil of giving birth</a> (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ea6e95be-9d11-4cbb-aa49-a3de238705f4" href="/node/9634"><i>Montre ce que tu sais faire</i></a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9308a50e-846c-4963-b72d-d8dd89029aa9" href="/node/9485"><i>Vas-y Isabelle</i></a>). In this family of cases, one can also find the example of propping someone up, of saying “repeat after me” (<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="515d9e0e-3217-4349-980f-d936e6d5a8f8" href="/node/9538"><i>Un bon citoyen</i></a> and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="866cd64f-f074-4de1-a4db-eaeb30818bef" href="/node/9500"><i>I, Barack Hussein Obama</i></a>).</p>\r\n<p>Occur when B and C are mixed up, that is to say when the action described is carried out by the person speaker A is addressing: thus, <a data-entity-substitu \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Observation</i></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>When A and C are mixed up, that is to say when a speaker (A) describes and comments on an action (B) they are witnessing for themselves (C). In his <i>Tentative de description de choses vues au carrefour Mabillon le 19 mai 1978</i>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7ce18886-fdb4-47c6-a9cb-b5d10493116c" href="/node/9467">Georges Perec, standing in public,</a> makes oral notes about “what happens when nothing is happening, apart from time, people, cars, and clouds.” This is also the case in a poem where <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7081e6c6-0010-4dc0-a119-812bd2ff4acf" href="/node/9448">Klaus Groh counts drops</a>. The stating of each drop’s rank is indexed to the rhythm of its fall, leaving silence between each statement that cannot be mastered (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f991808b-9a97-43e9-a240-8a5f90911518" href="/node/10388"><em>Un pompon jaune, un pompon rouge, un pompon bleu</em></a>).</p>\r\n<p>When A and C are mixed up, that is to say when a speaker (A) describes and comments on an action (B) they are witnessing for themselves (C). In his <i>Tentat \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Self-commentary</i></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>When A, B, and C are mixed up, that is to say when a speaker (A) comments on an action (B) they are carrying out for themselves (C). In <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="38525f3d-e645-4ba2-b972-ccd44e9e8916" href="/node/10306">this </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="38525f3d-e645-4ba2-b972-ccd44e9e8916" href="/node/10306">excerpt of the film <i>Mesrine</i></a>, for example, a police inspector (A) reads what he is typing (B) aloud for himself (C) (see also the borderline case of <i>Ah-Hooooh</i>).</p>\r\n<p>When A, B, and C are mixed up, that is to say when a speaker (A) comments on an action (B) they are carrying out for themselves (C). In <a data-entity-substi \r\n <p>This occurrence of writing while reading aloud, as if for oneself, is quite common—another example can be found in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="55bb2662-6849-4074-b296-0222068c9dd2" href="/node/9977">this scene from real life</a>. But it seems clear that this kind of action, when carried out in public, takes its public nature into account. The excerpt just cited would thus be an example of the current sub-category but also a case of what we have called <i>explanation</i>. Indeed, the sub-categories described above are not mutually exclusive. <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d2445994-ed60-4479-b2f0-0405c3e3a216" href="/node/9954">A player in a game</a> can both follow their own actions and those of other players; <a href="/node/9882">a composer telling a tale</a> can both comment on what they are doing and describe it as an almost external action that has already taken place. Finally, one can see how <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="c1178f2c-8c1e-40c9-bb58-fb67695db892" href="/node/9926">observations for oneself</a> and instructions to cameramen are intermingled in a stage control room, or how certain activities such as flying together require both <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2ffa9d82-6425-4732-be8b-3b859575be1a" href="/node/9866">concentration on oneself and concentration expressed to others</a>.</p>\r\n<p>This occurrence of writing while reading aloud, as if for oneself, is quite common—another example can be found in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" da """ "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "value" => """ <p><strong>Indexation | Propriété d'une parole couplée à un événement extérieur qu'elle suit, désigne, décrit, commente, encourage, commande, et dont elle tire certaines de ses propriétés formelles, notamment rythmiques.</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Indexation | Propriété d'une parole couplée à un événement extérieur qu'elle suit, désigne, décrit, commente, encourage, commande, et dont elle tire \r\n <p>Nous dirons qu'une parole est <em>indexée</em> à un événement qui lui est extérieur dans la mesure où elle partage avec lui une certaine durée, un cours d'action qui la modifie en retour. Le commentaire sportif est ainsi une parole qui, de l'événement qu'elle commente, tire non seulement sa raison d'être mais aussi certaines caractéristiques formelles. C’est le cas de <a href="/node/9397">la course de chevaux</a> et <a href="/node/9466">du commentaire de football</a> : débit qui s’accélère, régression des détails aux moments cruciaux, intensité : plus le commentateur produira un commentaire haletant, plus les auditeurs auront l’impression d’assister effectivement à <em>cette</em> course ou à <em>ce</em> match (écouter aussi <em><a href="/node/10322" title="Medal wa mieta">Medal wa mieta</a></em>).</p>\r\n<p>Nous dirons qu'une parole est <em>indexée</em> à un événement qui lui est extérieur dans la mesure où elle partage avec lui une certaine durée, un cours d'ac \r\n <p>L'indexation pourrait donc se décrire comme suit : un locuteur A partage, représente et transmet par sa parole la durée d’une action B à un interlocuteur C en présence. Ainsi la course de chevaux (B) est rapportée par un commentateur (A) pour des spectateurs (C). L’objet de l’indexation étant alors constitué des mouvements d’un inanimé, de l’action d’un humain ou d’un groupe, de l’action d’un humain sur un cheval, du cheval lui-même, du terrain qui défile en raison d’humains qui mènent des actions sur des chevaux et constituent un intérêt pour des spectateurs et commentateurs. Un cas typique nous est offert dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e186215b-815e-4715-97a8-d2f69c582952" href="/node/9462">cet extrait de description «en temps réel»</a> du déplacement et de l’accueil du Général De Gaulle au Québec. Un très grand nombre de situation se prêtent à ce genre d’action comme <a href="/node/9394">les reportages</a>, <a href="/node/10158">les reaction videos</a>, <a href="/node/10248">les ventes aux enchères</a>, ou encore&nbsp;<a href="/node/9984">cette tentative (de mauvais goût et de mauvaise foi) de traduire</a>&nbsp;du&nbsp;langage des signes&nbsp;(écouter aussi : <em><a href="/node/10214" title="capturer un groupe de macaques rhésus femelle">Capturer un groupe de macaque rhésus femelles</a></em>,&nbsp;<em><a href="/node/9406">Le premier signal</a></em>, <em><a href="/node/9986" title="look at that big change">Look at that big change</a></em>, <em><a href="/node/9985" title="The best culinary magic trick">The best culinary magic trick</a></em><strong><em>, </em></strong><em><a href="/node/9979" title="We call this a capitulation">We call this a capitulation</a></em>,&nbsp;<em><a href="/node/9459" title="Attentat à Jérusalem">Attentat à Jerusalem</a></em>).</p>\r\n<p>L'indexation pourrait donc se décrire comme suit : un locuteur A partage, représente et transmet par sa parole la durée d’une action B à un interlocuteur C e \r\n <p>À partir de ces cas typiques, on peut distinguer un certain nombre d’autres cas qui peuplent la collection :</p>\r\n \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><em>Explications</em></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Quand A et B sont confondus, c’est-à-dire lorsque un locuteur (A) décrit à un tiers (C) l'action (B) qu'il est en train de faire. Par la parole, je me représente en action à un spectateur. Ainsi, dans <a href="/node/9635">cet extrait tiré d'un documentaire sur Alfred Cortot</a>, le grand pianiste montre à une jeune femme la manière "rêveuse" dont il lui semble que la pièce <em>Le poète parle</em> de Schumann doive être jouée. Ou encore dans <a href="/node/10311">cette analyse harmonique</a>, tirée d'un disque pour apprendre la guitare, où Valérie Duchâteau commente la partition de Bach sur son propre enregistrement du prélude. C’est également le cas dans <a href="/node/10320">cet extrait d’émission de cuisine</a>, <a href="/node/10236">ce cours de danse</a>, cette<a href="/node/9636"> leçon de mathématiques</a>, ou <a href="/node/9468">ce tutoriel à teneur plus domestique</a> (écouter aussi <em><a href="/node/9838" title="Ocho cortado">Ocho cortado</a></em>).</p>\r\n<p>Quand A et B sont confondus, c’est-à-dire lorsque un locuteur (A) décrit à un tiers (C) l'action (B) qu'il est en train de faire. Par la parole, je me représ \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><em>Instructions</em></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Quand B et C sont confondus, c'est-à-dire quand l'action qui est décrite se trouve effectuée par celui à qui s'adresse le locuteur A&nbsp;: ainsi dans <a href="/node/9557" title="Chien">cet enregistrement</a>, un maître (A) donne des instructions (B) à son chien, lequel chien est destinataire (C) de la parole. Les trois instructions "Couché !", "Assis !" et "Debout !" dépendent de la réponse du chien. Ce cas présente donc une réciprocité de l'indexation, puisque le destinataire de la parole rétroagit sur le locuteur, comme <a href="/node/9460" title="Fais lui mal au sac">cet entraîneur de boxe</a> ou&nbsp;<a href="/node/9484" title="Un, deux, trois">ce chef d'orchestre</a> (écouter aussi <em><a href="/node/9837" title="Nur der Fluß ist weg">Nur der Fluß ist weg</a></em>) . Cette relation à l’indexation peut ainsi produire un effet de co-construction de l’événement décrit, on en a un autre exemple avec l'enregistrement d'<a href="/node/9574">une partie de Pictionary</a>&nbsp;ou dans <a href="/node/10257" title="Here's your baby">l’effervescence d’un accouchement</a>&nbsp;(écouter aussi <em><a href="/node/9634" title="Montre ce que tu sais faire">Montre ce que tu sais faire</a></em>,&nbsp;<em><a href="/node/9485" title="Vas-y Isabelle">Vas-y Isabelle</a></em>). On trouve aussi dans cette famille les cas d’étayage, de «répéter après moi» :&nbsp;<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="515d9e0e-3217-4349-980f-d936e6d5a8f8" href="/node/9538"><em>Un bon citoyen</em></a>,&nbsp;<em><a href="/node/9500" title="I Barack Hussein Obama">I Barack Hussein Obama</a></em>.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Quand B et C sont confondus, c'est-à-dire quand l'action qui est décrite se trouve effectuée par celui à qui s'adresse le locuteur A&nbsp;: ainsi dans <a hre \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><em>Observations</em></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Quand A et C sont confondus, c’est-à-dire lorsque le locuteur (A) décrit et commente pour lui-même (C) une action (B) à laquelle il assiste. Dans sa <em>Tentative de description de choses vues au carrefour Mabillon le 19 mai 1978</em>, <a href="/node/9467">Georges Perec, posté sur la voie publique</a>, note oralement «ce qui se passe quand il ne se passe rien, sinon du temps, des gens, des voitures et des nuages». C’est aussi le cas de <a href="/node/9448">ce poème de Klaus Groh</a>, qui compte les gouttes. L'annonce du rang de la goutte est indexée sur le rythme des chutes, laissant entre chaque annonce un silence non maîtrisé (écouter aussi : <a href="/node/10388">Un pompon jaune, un pompon rouge, un pompon bleu</a>).</p>\r\n<p>Quand A et C sont confondus, c’est-à-dire lorsque le locuteur (A) décrit et commente pour lui-même (C) une action (B) à laquelle il assiste. Dans sa <em>Tent \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><em>Auto-commentaires</em></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Quand A, B et C sont confondus, c’est-à-dire lorsque le locuteur (A) commente pour lui-même (C) une action (B) qu'il est en train de faire. Par exemple dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="38525f3d-e645-4ba2-b972-ccd44e9e8916" href="/node/10306">cet </a><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="38525f3d-e645-4ba2-b972-ccd44e9e8916" href="/node/10306"><span style="text-decoration: underline; letter-spacing: 0.0px;">extrait du film <em>Mesrine</em></span></a><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">&nbsp;dans lequel un inspecteur de police (A) énonce à haute voix pour lui-même (C) ce qu'il est en train de taper à la machine (B) (écouter aussi le cas limite <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: #021eaa;"><em><a href="/node/9924" title="ah-Hooooh ">Ah-Hooooh</a></em>).</span></span></p>\r\n<p>Quand A, B et C sont confondus, c’est-à-dire lorsque le locuteur (A) commente pour lui-même (C) une action (B) qu'il est en train de faire. Par exemple dans \r\n <p>Ce phénomène d’écrire à haute voix, comme pour soi, est assez courant – on en a un autre exemple&nbsp;dans <a href="/node/9977">cette scène du réel</a>. Mais il semble clair que ce genre d’action, lorsqu’elle est effectuée en public, en prend justement compte. Ce dernier extrait serait donc à la fois un cas du dernier sous-ensemble mais aussi un cas de ce que nous avons nommé l’<em>explication</em>. Les sous-ensembles décrits plus hauts ne sont en effet pas exclusifs les uns des autres. Pris dans&nbsp;<a href="/node/9954">un jeu</a>, un participant peut à la fois suivre ses actions et celles des autres participants ; pris dans son récit, <a href="/node/9882">un compositeur</a>&nbsp;peut à la fois commenter ce qu’il fait et le décrire comme une action qui a déjà eu lieu et serait donc presque extérieur à lui. Enfin, on peut observer dans&nbsp;une régie&nbsp;comment se mélange <a href="/node/9926">les observations pour soi et les instructions aux cadreurs</a>. Et certaines activités comme&nbsp;<a href="/node/9866">voler ensemble</a>&nbsp;requièrent une concentration collective partagée à voix haute. \u{FEFF}\u{FEFF}</p>\r\n<p>Ce phénomène d’écrire à haute voix, comme pour soi, est assez courant – on en a un autre exemple&nbsp;dans <a href="/node/9977">cette scène du réel</a>. Mais """ "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] ] "field_workflow" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "generique_publie" ] ] ] ] #fields: &4 [] #fieldDefinitions: array:26 [ "tid" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1179 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1180 #string: "Term ID" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "read-only" => true "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1181 #string: "The term ID." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "tid" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1182 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:integer" "settings" => array:6 [ "unsigned" => true "size" => "normal" "min" => "" "max" => "" "prefix" => "" "suffix" => "" ] ] 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#typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1202} } #type: "entity_reference" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "revision_log_message" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1206 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1207 #string: "Revision log message" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1208 #string: "Briefly describe the changes you have made." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "revisionable" => true "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "" ] ] "display" => array:1 [ "form" => array:1 [ "options" => array:3 [ "type" => "string_textarea" "weight" => 25 "settings" => array:1 [ "rows" => 4 ] ] ] ] "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "revision_log_message" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => 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Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "weight" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1221 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1222 #string: "Weight" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1223 #string: "The weight of this term in relation to other terms." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => 0 ] ] "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "weight" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1224 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:integer" "settings" => array:6 [ "unsigned" => false "size" => "normal" "min" => "" "max" => "" "prefix" => "" "suffix" => "" ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1221} } #type: "integer" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "parent" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1276 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1277 #string: "Term Parents" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1278 #string: "The parents of this term." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "cardinality" => -1 "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "parent" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => "entrees" ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1279 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:entity_reference" "settings" => array:3 [ "target_type" => "taxonomy_term" "handler" => "default" "handler_settings" => array:1 [ "target_bundles" => array:1 [ "entrees" => "entrees" ] ] ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1276} } #type: "entity_reference" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "changed" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1282 #entityTypeId: "base_field_override" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.changed" #status: true #uuid: "435b8bf3-cfa0-4eb6-a19b-ed5ef57e27a6" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:1 [ "config" => array:1 [ 0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.changed" #field_name: "changed" #field_type: "changed" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Modifié" #description: "L'heure à laquelle le terme a été édité pour la dernière fois." #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? 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false "revisionable" => true "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "revision_default" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1242 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1243 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1244 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1239} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "revision_translation_affected" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1245 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1246 #string: 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"type" => "field_item:metatag_computed" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1251} } #type: "metatag_computed" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "path" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1283 #entityTypeId: "base_field_override" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.path" #status: true #uuid: "ad1042f1-dcec-47c3-8992-724bfb598beb" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:1 [ 0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "path" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.path" #field_name: "path" #field_type: "path" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Alias d'URL" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "content_translation_source" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1258 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1259 #string: "Translation source" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1260 #string: "The source language from which this translation was created." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "und" ] ] "initial_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "und" ] ] "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_source" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1261 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:language" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1258} } #type: "language" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_outdated" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1262 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1263 #string: "Translation outdated" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1264 #string: "A boolean indicating whether this translation needs to be updated." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => false ] ] "initial_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => false ] ] "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_outdated" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1265 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1266 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1267 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1262} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_uid" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1268 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1269 #string: "Translation author" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1270 #string: "The author of this translation." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "revisionable" => true "default_value_callback" => "Drupal\taxonomy\TermTranslationHandler::getDefaultOwnerId" "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_uid" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1271 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:entity_reference" "settings" => array:3 [ "target_type" => "user" "handler" => "default" "handler_settings" => [] ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1268} } #type: "entity_reference" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_created" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1272 #definition: array:8 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1273 #string: "Translation created time" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1274 #string: "The Unix timestamp when the translation was created." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_created" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1275 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:created" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1272} } #type: "created" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "field_notice" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1284 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_notice" #status: true #uuid: "1c4e5658-bc6e-4713-95c8-1f05a3b37dcb" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_notice" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "text" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_notice" #field_name: "field_notice" #field_type: "text_long" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Notice" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: true #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } "field_workflow" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1285 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_workflow" #status: true #uuid: "e0dc8009-88cd-48a6-9333-ab4666478b8f" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_workflow" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "workflow" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_workflow" #field_name: "field_workflow" #field_type: "workflow" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Workflow" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: true #translatable: false #default_value: array:1 [ 0 => [] ] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } "field_color" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1286 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_color" #status: true #uuid: "185764a3-7cbf-4de2-a7b1-aafab3624b20" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_color" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "color_field" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_color" #field_name: "field_color" #field_type: "color_field_type" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Color" #description: "" #settings: array:1 [ "opacity" => 0 ] #required: true #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } ] #languages: array:4 [ "fr" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1105 #name: "French" #id: "fr" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 0 #locked: false } "en" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1104 #name: "English" #id: "en" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 1 #locked: false } "und" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1106 #name: "Not specified" #id: "und" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 2 #locked: true } "zxx" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1100 #name: "Not applicable" #id: "zxx" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 3 #locked: true } ] #langcodeKey: "langcode" #defaultLangcodeKey: "default_langcode" #activeLangcode: "en" #enforceDefaultTranslation: null #defaultLangcode: "fr" #translations: &28 array:2 [ "x-default" => array:2 [ "status" => 1 "entity" => Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term {#1097 #entityTypeId: "taxonomy_term" #enforceIsNew: &2 null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: [] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #values: &3 array:25 [] #fields: &4 [] #fieldDefinitions: null #languages: array:4 [ "fr" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1105 } "en" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1104 } "und" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1106 } "zxx" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1100 } ] #langcodeKey: "langcode" #defaultLangcodeKey: "default_langcode" #activeLangcode: "x-default" #enforceDefaultTranslation: null #defaultLangcode: "fr" #translations: &28 array:2 [] #translationInitialize: false #newRevision: &29 false #isDefaultRevision: &30 "1" #entityKeys: &31 array:4 [ "bundle" => "entrees" "id" => "120" "revision" => "120" "uuid" => "e1fd9ea8-2a82-4441-a9b8-de187baca19b" ] #translatableEntityKeys: &32 array:5 [ "label" => array:2 [ "en" => "Indexation" "x-default" => "Indexations" ] "langcode" => array:2 [ "x-default" => "fr" "en" => "en" ] "published" => array:2 [ "en" => "1" "x-default" => "1" ] "default_langcode" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_translation_affected" => array:2 [ "en" => null "x-default" => "1" ] ] #validated: false #validationRequired: false #loadedRevisionId: &33 "120" #revisionTranslationAffectedKey: "revision_translation_affected" #enforceRevisionTranslationAffected: &34 [] #isSyncing: &35 false } ] "en" => array:2 [ "status" => 1 "entity" => Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term {#1102} ] ] #translationInitialize: false #newRevision: &29 false #isDefaultRevision: &30 "1" #entityKeys: &31 array:4 [] #translatableEntityKeys: &32 array:5 [] #validated: false #validationRequired: false #loadedRevisionId: &33 "120" #revisionTranslationAffectedKey: "revision_translation_affected" #enforceRevisionTranslationAffected: &34 [] #isSyncing: &35 false }