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Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term {#1085 #entityTypeId: "taxonomy_term" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: [] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #values: array:25 [ "tid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "123" ] "revision_id" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "123" ] "vid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "entrees" ] "uuid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "8d42ddd8-9b74-4254-8a74-d1bfb5bc47a7" ] "langcode" => array:2 [ "x-default" => "fr" "en" => "en" ] "revision_default" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_user" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "revision_created" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "revision_log_message" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "isDefaultRevision" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "1" ] "name" => array:2 [ "en" => "Timbre" "x-default" => "Timbres" ] "description" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "value" => "<p>The physical properties which give a voice its grain or singularity, and the ways in which these properties are used, in various contexts, to seduce, inform, sell, convince, reassure, terrorize, imitate or mask oneself.</p>\r\n<p>The physical properties which give a voice its grain or singularity, and the ways in which these properties are used, in various contexts, to seduce, inform," "format" => "wysiwyg" ] "x-default" => array:2 [ "value" => "<p>Ensemble des propriétés physiques qui font la singularité ou le grain d'une voix. Manières dont, selon les contextes, ces propriétés sont mobilisées pour séduire, informer, vendre, convaincre, rassurer, terroriser, imiter ou prendre des masques.</p>\r\n<p>Ensemble des propriétés physiques qui font la singularité ou le grain d'une voix. Manières dont, selon les contextes, ces propriétés sont mobilisées pour séd" "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] "changed" => array:2 [ "en" => "1610466849" "x-default" => "1610466849" ] "default_langcode" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "1" ] "content_translation_source" => array:2 [ "en" => "fr" "x-default" => "und" ] "content_translation_outdated" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "0" ] "content_translation_uid" => array:2 [ "en" => "32" "x-default" => "0" ] "content_translation_created" => array:2 [ "en" => "1523450987" "x-default" => "1523542704" ] "status" => array:2 [ "en" => "1" "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_translation_affected" => array:2 [ "en" => null "x-default" => "1" ] "weight" => array:2 [ "en" => "-38" "x-default" => "-38" ] "parent" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "target_id" => "0" ] ] ] "field_color" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "color" => "#D49CB6" "opacity" => null ] ] ] "field_notice" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "value" => """ <p><strong>Timbre | The physical properties which give a voice its grain or singularity, and the ways in which these properties are used, in various contexts, to seduce, inform, sell, convince, reassure, terrorize, imitate or mask oneself.</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Timbre | The physical properties which give a voice its grain or singularity, and the ways in which these properties are used, in various contexts, t \r\n <p>This collection is split between examples of voices taken as such, in their more or less fantasized natural states, and the perception of timbre as a construction. We will first define timbre as a physiological constant of any voice. However, it is easy to find examples of timbre being transformed and modified. We will mainly focus on the ways in which speakers can modulate certain of their voice’s properties and use timbre as a resource for doing so.</p>\r\n<p>This collection is split between examples of voices taken as such, in their more or less fantasized natural states, and the perception of timbre as a constru \r\n <p>Our first example makes up a collection in and of itself. Actress <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0f0fdba9-af1b-4478-9449-06f7be30cc92" href="/node/10263">Amy Walker</a> shows us how a single utterance can be spoken using various accents and vocal modifications. However, we can very clearly recognize the singular timbre of the speaker’s voice being maintained throughout these modulations.</p>\r\n<p>Our first example makes up a collection in and of itself. Actress <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0f0fdba9- \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Timbre as singularity</i></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>In his performance <i>Deaf Bach</i>, artist <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d27468fd-f7dd-4408-89ae-968bb2a9baa9" href="/node/9577">Arthur Zmijewski asks deaf people to sing Bach cantatas</a>. Hearing such a choir of dissonant voices gives us the impression of having access to the singers’ intimacies, to the raw sound of their vocal chords.</p>\r\n<p>In his performance <i>Deaf Bach</i>, artist <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d27468fd-f7dd-4408-89ae-968bb2a \r\n <p>A voice’s timbre is the result of purely physical, anatomical, and physiological properties. It depends upon the length and thickness of the vocal chords as well as on the specific conditions of their junction. It also depends upon the characteristics of resonant cavities (pharynx, mouth, and nasal cavity). The combination of these various parameters will give each individual a particular timbre based upon the specific characteristics of their vocal apparatus. Of all the other phonic parameters that can be used to characterize a voice (pitch, intonation, accentuation), timbre is the most mysterious, the most irreducibly physiological. In a certain way, it is not a function of the body, but the body itself.</p>\r\n<p>A voice’s timbre is the result of purely physical, anatomical, and physiological properties. It depends upon the length and thickness of the vocal chords as \r\n <p>We can thus recognize the timbre of the radio presenter <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6c2aceb5-d022-4322-8916-414c1308c8ee" href="/node/9595">Macha Béranger’s voice</a> on France Inter, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ffa85439-84ab-4976-b306-a47794acaf38" href="/node/9585">Sylvie Caspar’s</a> on Arte, or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="475c9fab-0490-485f-ba7f-c647c9067026" href="/node/9525">this little girl’s</a> “from among thousands,” contrary to <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="97785d25-6fcc-4390-b4f3-14664d2573c9" href="/node/9576">the “bodiless” voice</a> performing this poem.</p>\r\n<p>We can thus recognize the timbre of the radio presenter <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6c2aceb5-d022-4322- \r\n <p>Because timbre is hard to define, we often use metaphors to attempt to do so. For example, we say that timbre is a voice’s color. On the other hand, certain voices are said to be flat (or “blank” in French) when whispered, without timbre, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6ba58bcc-731c-41cb-ba98-bcdfb800a9c1" href="/node/9382">this excerpt from the show <i>Peter Peter Pet…er!!!</i></a> Timbre can also be given a temperature, substance, taste, value, shine, and thickness: Macha Béranger and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4605eaba-dc6d-4f0b-ba49-ecf70314f7c9" href="/node/9591">Leona Anderson</a>’s voices have a dark warmth, while Macha Béranger’s voice shares a muted thickness with those of <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f4852920-fda1-45a0-a26e-d16cb1002a3b" href="/node/9578">Gaston Bachelard</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1e4e5804-5b61-4e6a-8f9c-5a00f11d2ee0" href="/node/9521">Leonard Cohen</a>, or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f6e2d8ca-33a2-42f1-bd5d-3fdc6bf1105b" href="/node/9596">Pierre-Alain de Garrigues</a>. The timbre of <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="796239fc-414a-4a5a-bfde-3a15f5b6c187" href="/node/9802">this ten-year-old child’s voice</a> is thin like<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="bccf7c11-40bd-4a6f-912e-42109295d4e3" href="/node/9581"> David Lynch</a> or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e91ddabc-49bf-47f3-a849-d1d5dc6a7089" href="/node/9582">Mary Lou Retton’s</a>, which is also soft, or like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8ca8b28b-d91b-461b-bc36-71603c3d62e9" href="/node/9523">Didier Gustin’s</a>, which tends to dry up. Both are light like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2a054b9b-ac31-4808-8414-df8a09da9733" href="/node/10227">Paul Léautaud’s</a>, like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="27bf0b81-32c4-4dbc-a8a7-cd7195197ca1" href="/node/10232">this lady’s</a>, or like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2d70c80b-e9f7-4651-b9e4-393174a175d9" href="/node/9580">Fanny Charmont’s</a>, which shines like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="94eaf7c1-0ebf-44d6-b5e8-c62e77163039" href="/node/9588">Auguste Branly’s</a>, which in turn is sharp like <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="747ed274-1d81-4c2a-86e7-01280eb74f13" href="/node/9686">Antonin Artaud’s</a>.</p>\r\n<p>Because timbre is hard to define, we often use metaphors to attempt to do so. For example, we say that timbre is a voice’s color. On the other hand, certain \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Timbral transformations</i></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>As this children’s television show host shows us, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ced41846-e3ab-4307-8126-211784c23ed5" href="/node/9587">radically transforming one’s voice</a> can easily be achieved by inhaling helium.</p>\r\n<p>As this children’s television show host shows us, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ced41846-e3ab-4307-8126-2 \r\n <p>A body going through changes can find the timbre of its voice modified, sometimes to the point of non-recognition. These changes often mark stages in a process: adolescence, aging, illness, etc. During puberty, for example, teenage boys must learn to manage the air pressure beneath their vocal chords to avoid producing the “caws” that make their voices screech up into high notes. A similar change can be observed in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="197ce60c-2666-4996-9b7c-d02cd8181702" href="/node/10329">“F to M” transsexuals</a> during testosterone treatments. Here are two states recorded <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1b207e27-92bb-40ef-8e6b-56b57b30c8b0" href="/node/9801">before and after such a treatment</a>.</p>\r\n<p>A body going through changes can find the timbre of its voice modified, sometimes to the point of non-recognition. These changes often mark stages in a proce \r\n <p>Of course, timbre also changes with age. Here it can be heard at three different stages of Marguerite Duras’ life: <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ef26a760-cb8f-4e01-a1b2-2020d38e9bfd" href="/node/9807">light</a>, then <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="fc8848c7-0457-4dde-b966-9b9e7294dc3a" href="/node/9806">worsened by age and tobacco</a>, and finally <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6f457db1-efad-4313-819e-e82f6c6e8cb1" href="/node/9805">after having undergone a tracheotomy</a>.</p>\r\n<p>Of course, timbre also changes with age. Here it can be heard at three different stages of Marguerite Duras’ life: <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" da \r\n <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="30c81671-bc3a-43c5-bb25-ee4b8ea089cb" href="/node/10239">A simple cold</a> can change a voice’s quality to the point of making it unrecognizable. In a more radical example, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="64cf456e-149b-4325-b2f5-48d895003c7f" href="/node/10402">this man</a>, who has undergone a laryngectomy, has a voice with a very particular timbre: sounds are produced by swallowing air into the esophagus and reproducing it in the form of “burps,” a technique similar to that used by <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8f4f75b3-6358-450f-b87f-5e27295c2537" href="/node/9579">this ventriloquist</a>. The voice of this child, who has been possessed by a demon and sounds <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f3766cea-a0e5-4c29-b20f-9f56bc702a27" href="/node/10260">like a strangled puppet</a>, or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4a992eda-bc20-450a-8dc1-53a8d3bfd413" href="/node/10369">the voice of this leper</a>, provide us with further examples of extreme timbral modifications.</p>\r\n<p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="30c81671-bc3a-43c5-bb25-ee4b8ea089cb" href="/node/10239">A simple cold</a> \r\n <p>The glottal channel, one of speech’s primary tools, can be extended by various prostheses that radically modify our perception of a voice’s timbre: megaphones, microphones, not to mention the acoustic specificities of the space in which speech is being emitted. In this example, Pierre Schaeffer shows us how <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="71abc088-676e-4812-a4ce-74b8698c759b" href="/node/10327">a ribbon microphone</a> can give a voice a particular color. Mixing techniques also allow us to remove or accentuate certain frequencies from a recorded voice, making it deeper, softer or sharper, horrifying or irresistible.</p>\r\n<p>The glottal channel, one of speech’s primary tools, can be extended by various prostheses that radically modify our perception of a voice’s timbre: megaphone \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><i>Timbre as resource</i></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>It is hard to reduce timbre to entirely physical attributes: as a singularity, a marker of identity, it is also a social construction, a resource that can be put to use and modulated by a speaker to produce certain specific effects within a given context.</p>\r\n<p>It is hard to reduce timbre to entirely physical attributes: as a singularity, a marker of identity, it is also a social construction, a resource that can be \r\n <p>Screaming techniques used by <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9b21bd98-dc52-4633-899d-71180ddeec77" href="/node/9586">the singers of grindcore band Eye Sea</a> show us how one can “get out” of the timbre of one’s voice and modify its body. On the other hand, communication technologies allow us to very lightly play with it, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d25f951e-99e0-4a35-9315-a13579493455" href="/node/9584">this message recorded by a young lady</a> for her lover.</p>\r\n<p>Screaming techniques used by <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9b21bd98-dc52-4633-899d-71180ddeec77" href="/n \r\n <p>We have already cited the example of Sylvie Caspar’s voice—suave, intimate, and erotic. We also know how <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="499e3053-eba8-4b13-88fd-17580668c37a" href="/node/9552">news reports</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b3d855d5-5eef-460e-b4cd-480c69437266" href="/node/9592">cartoons</a>, gameshows, voicemail, business answering machines, and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8390f9d8-5e1f-4adf-8d5b-9011f2520dce" href="/node/9744">parisian subway announcements</a> all use timbres skillfully chosen for their more or less <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="bbad6520-f063-47f0-b160-9fc32104d9c1" href="/node/9583">reassuring</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a09ce766-15b5-42dc-bf03-c116462dbe2a" href="/node/9517">adventurous</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e75f9ea2-e465-4042-abfe-3a3a508629f8" href="/node/9518">dramatic</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4da3f4ac-9cb1-4288-a6d5-69a0efe960ea" href="/node/9519">serious</a>, or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="59769abe-8b27-45e3-8501-0eff85748490" href="/node/9528">institutional</a> qualities. Advertisements in particular make use of a small number of “timbral characters” that follow fairly rigid codes: <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f6e2d8ca-33a2-42f1-bd5d-3fdc6bf1105b" href="/node/9596">fifty-year-old men</a> with virile voices, warm and reassuring, George Clooney-like, a bit rough and guttural, used to sell coffee, perfume, sports cars, or for announcing Sunday evening films on television; <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d44856e7-ceb9-4468-b64d-9eb5c3cdc761" href="/node/9527">“sexy moms”</a> with clear, smiling voices, lightly puffed-up, carried by American intonations, praising shampoo or tissue wipes; <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b371adfa-5a4e-4f92-a0eb-94fe891cf3ca" href="/node/9516">casual young men</a> whose voices are rife with hope for the future, their intonations drawling, ready to move in with their girlfriends; <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2d70c80b-e9f7-4651-b9e4-393174a175d9" href="/node/9580">falsely mischievous children</a> with slightly sour but enthusiastic voices (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0b6f4acb-b521-4f2e-a2fd-ad4d1a39f69d" href="/node/9522"><i>Te taper les fesses par terre</i></a>); <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e9df8206-f239-4572-8025-a5ebbeb3c985" href="/node/9800">cartoon characters</a> with voices both unreal and familiar all at once; <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="183e94ee-9d6f-4ebe-b448-5bf8707661d6" href="/node/9789">Black men from the ’90s</a> whose tone is exaggeratedly low and articulated.</p>\r\n<p>We have already cited the example of Sylvie Caspar’s voice—suave, intimate, and erotic. We also know how <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity- \r\n <p>It is through this same logic that the depth and “virile” warmth of <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5d5aee1c-1402-48e7-8af2-3e0df68848ec" href="/node/10223">Michel Sardou’s voice</a> allow him to deal out a couple of very reactionary truths to an audience in a paternalistic tone. We can also see how <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="af37fb97-0adf-4c1c-8157-f692f5baf59d" href="/node/10338">Bourvil</a>, interviewing himself, uses his voice to construct a certain public persona.</p>\r\n<p>It is through this same logic that the depth and “virile” warmth of <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5d5aee1 \r\n <p>The use of timbre, among other performative strategies, thus enables one to respond to a journalist’s stereotypical expectations, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="47fcbffb-ba13-496f-9541-041c3ead2c5f" href="/node/9772">as in this prank</a>, or <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f53e07de-1341-4b74-ae66-948e9c7fd35a" href="/node/9717">to parody critics of conservatism</a> during this meeting of the American Republican Party.</p>\r\n<p>The use of timbre, among other performative strategies, thus enables one to respond to a journalist’s stereotypical expectations, <a data-entity-substitution \r\n <p>This collection also includes a series of imitations: in this history of the anime <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5e3c473f-fe61-4c09-b374-87b086a4d287" href="/node/10359"><i>Dragon Ball</i></a> told by celebrities, Yves Lecoq mostly reproduces the way that Poivre d’Arvor and Johnny Halliday play with the timbre of their voices.</p>\r\n<p>This collection also includes a series of imitations: in this history of the anime <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entit \r\n <p>Timbre “is man (or woman) themselves,” insofar as they let us hear them.</p>\r\n """ "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "value" => """ <p><strong>Timbre | Ensemble des propriétés physiques qui font la singularité ou le grain d'une voix. Manières dont, selon les contextes, ces propriétés sont mobilisées pour séduire, informer, vendre, convaincre, rassurer, terroriser, imiter ou prendre des masques.</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Timbre | Ensemble des propriétés physiques qui font la singularité ou le grain d'une voix. Manières dont, selon les contextes, ces propriétés sont mo \r\n <p>La collection est partagée entre une certaine idée de l'authenticité de la voix, dans sa naturalité plus ou moins fantasmée, et l'appréhension de la dimension construite du timbre.&nbsp;Le timbre est d'abord désigné comme la donnée proprement physiologique et irréductible de la voix. Il est cependant facile d'observer des phénomènes d'altération et de transformation du timbre. Mais nous nous attacherons surtout à la manière dont les locuteurs peuvent moduler certaines propriétés de leur voix et faire du timbre une ressource.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>La collection est partagée entre une certaine idée de l'authenticité de la voix, dans sa naturalité plus ou moins fantasmée, et l'appréhension de la dimensio \r\n <p>Un premier exemple est une collection à lui tout seul. L'actrice <a href="/node/10263" title="I come from...">Amy Walker</a>&nbsp;donne à entendre, pour un même énoncé, différents accents et autant de manières de modifier sa voix. Pour autant nous reconnaissons très bien, traversant inaltéré toutes ces modulations, le timbre singulier de la locutrice.</p>\r\n<p>Un premier exemple est une collection à lui tout seul. L'actrice <a href="/node/10263" title="I come from...">Amy Walker</a>&nbsp;donne à entendre, pour un m \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><em>Le timbre comme singularité</em></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Dans la performance Deaf Bach, l'artiste Arthur Zmijewski fait chanter <a href="/node/9577">des cantates de Bach par des sourds</a>. L’écoute de ce chœur de voix dissonantes donne le sentiment d'avoir accès à une certaine intimité des chanteurs, au son brut de leurs cordes vocales.</p>\r\n<p>Dans la performance Deaf Bach, l'artiste Arthur Zmijewski fait chanter <a href="/node/9577">des cantates de Bach par des sourds</a>. L’écoute de ce chœur de \r\n <p>Le timbre de la voix résulte de données proprement physiques, anatomiques, physiologiques. Il dépend de l'épaisseur et de la longueur des cordes vocales, ainsi que de leurs conditions d'accolement. Il dépend également des caractéristiques des cavités de résonance (pharynx, bouche et cavité nasale). La combinaison de ces différents paramètres produira pour chaque individu un timbre particulier, tributaire des caractéristiques de son appareil phonatoire. De tous les autres paramètres phoniques par lesquels on peut caractériser la voix (hauteur, intonations, accentuations), le timbre est le plus mystérieux, le plus irréductiblement physiologique. D'une certaine manière, il n'est pas un usage du corps, il est le corps lui-même.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Le timbre de la voix résulte de données proprement physiques, anatomiques, physiologiques. Il dépend de l'épaisseur et de la longueur des cordes vocales, ain \r\n <p>On peut ainsi "reconnaitre entre mille" le timbre de <a href="/node/9595" title="Vos chemins de traverse">Macha Béranger</a>&nbsp;sur France Inter, de <a href="/node/9585" title="Je m'appelle Sylvie Caspar">Sylvie Caspar</a>&nbsp;sur Arte, ou celui de cette <a href="/node/9525" title="Un petit galet">petite fille</a>,&nbsp;contrairement à la voix "sans chair" qui interprète <a href="/node/9576">ce poème</a>.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>On peut ainsi "reconnaitre entre mille" le timbre de <a href="/node/9595" title="Vos chemins de traverse">Macha Béranger</a>&nbsp;sur France Inter, de <a hre \r\n <p>Parce que le timbre est une donnée difficile à cerner, on aura souvent recours à des métaphores pour tenter de le définir. On dit par exemple que le timbre, c'est la couleur de la voix. A l'inverse, certaines voix sont dites "blanches" quand elles sont chuchotées, non timbrées, comme dans cet <a href="/node/9382" title="C'est fini">extrait du spectacle <em>Peter Peter Pet...er !!!</em></a>. Mais on pourra également attribuer au timbre une température, une matière, une saveur, une valeur, une luisance, une épaisseur : les timbres de Macha Béranger et de <a href="/node/9591" title="Timeless town">Leona Anderson</a>&nbsp;sont dotés d'une chaleur sombre, tandis que le même timbre de Macha Béranger a en commun avec celui de <a href="/node/9578" title="Ce jour entre les jours">Gaston Bachelard</a>, de <a href="/node/9521" title="It's fatal">Leonard Cohen</a>&nbsp;ou de <a href="/node/9596" title="Carte Noire">Pierre-Alain de Garrigues</a>&nbsp;une épaisseur mate. Le timbre de cet <a href="/node/9802" title="J'ai dix ans">enfant de dix ans</a>&nbsp;est mince comme celui de <a href="/node/9581" title="Free Spirit">David Lynch</a>, ou encore de <a href="/node/9582" title="Getting fit 'n having fun">Mary Lou Retton</a>, également doux, ou comme celui de <a href="/node/9523" title="La voix mystère">Didier Gustin</a>, qui tend à s'assécher. Tous deux sont clairs comme celui de <a href="/node/10227" title="De bonnes mœurs">Paul Léautaud</a>, de cette <a href="/node/10232" title="Des silhouettes dans la pièce">dame</a>&nbsp;et de&nbsp;<a href="/node/9580" title="Fraisi Poney">Fanny Charmont</a>, ce dernier brillant comme celui d'<a href="/node/9588" title="Patronne de la radio">Auguste Branly</a>, lui-même aigre comme celui d'<a href="/node/9686" title="J'ai appris hier">Antonin Artaud</a>.</p>\r\n<p>Parce que le timbre est une donnée difficile à cerner, on aura souvent recours à des métaphores pour tenter de le définir. On dit par exemple que le timbre, \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><em>Les transformations du timbre<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1b207e27-92bb-40ef-8e6b-56b57b30c8b0" href="/node/9801">/node/9801</a></em></h4>\r\n<h4 class="inter-titre"><em>Les transformations du timbre<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1b207e27-92bb-40ef-8e \r\n <p>Comme nous le montre ce présentateur d'émission pour enfants, il suffit d'inhaler <a href="/node/9587">de l'hélium pour transformer radicalement sa voix</a>.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Comme nous le montre ce présentateur d'émission pour enfants, il suffit d'inhaler <a href="/node/9587">de l'hélium pour transformer radicalement sa voix</a>. \r\n <p>Les transformations d'un corps sont l'occasion d'entendre les modifications de son timbre, qui peut parfois devenir méconnaissable. Ces transformations marquent néanmoins souvent les stades d'un processus : adolescence, vieillissement, maladie, etc... &nbsp;A la puberté, par exemple, l’adolescent doit notamment apprendre à réguler la pression de l’air sous ses cordes vocales, sous peine de produire ces « couacs » qui font déraper sa voix vers des aigus en fausset. Une mutation similaire est observable chez les <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="197ce60c-2666-4996-9b7c-d02cd8181702" href="/node/10329" title="F to M">transsexuels &nbsp;"F to M"</a>, dans le cas de traitements à la testostérone. On entend également ici <a href="/node/9801">l'</a><a href="/node/5011" title="Pre-T">avant</a><a href="/node/9801">&nbsp;et l'</a><a href="/node/5010" title="Post-T">après</a><a href="/node/9801"> traitement</a>.</p>\r\n<p>Les transformations d'un corps sont l'occasion d'entendre les modifications de son timbre, qui peut parfois devenir méconnaissable. Ces transformations marqu \r\n <p>Le timbre, bien sûr, s'altère également en vieillissant. On l'entend ici à trois âges de Marguerite Duras : <a href="/node/9807" title="Le shaga">clair</a>, puis <a href="/node/9806" title="Rivée au désir de lui seul">aggravé par le vieillissement et le tabac</a>, et enfin <a href="/node/9805" title="On est plus silencieux">après avoir subi une trachéotomie</a>.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Le timbre, bien sûr, s'altère également en vieillissant. On l'entend ici à trois âges de Marguerite Duras : <a href="/node/9807" title="Le shaga">clair</a>, \r\n <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="30c81671-bc3a-43c5-bb25-ee4b8ea089cb" href="/node/10239">Un simple rhume</a>&nbsp;peut modifier la qualité d'une voix jusqu'à la rendre méconnaissable. Plus radicalement, ce <a href="/node/10402" title="Opération larynx">monsieur ayant subi une laryngectomie</a>&nbsp;fait entendre un timbre très spécifique : les sons sont produits en avalant de l'air par l'œsophage, et en le restituant sous la forme de "rots", une technique analogue à celle de <a href="/node/9579">ce ventriloque</a>. Comme une marionnette étranglée, la voix de cette <a href="/node/10260" title="How do you take their energy ?">enfant possédée</a> par un démon et de ce <a href="/node/10369" title="Témoignage d'un lépreux grec">lépreux</a>&nbsp;montrent également des cas de modification extrême du timbre.</p>\r\n<p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="30c81671-bc3a-43c5-bb25-ee4b8ea089cb" href="/node/10239">Un simple rhume</a \r\n <p>Le chenal phonatoire, véritable instrument de la parole, peut se retrouver prolongé par diverses prothèses qui peuvent radicalement modifier la perception du timbre : porte-voix, microphone, sans même parler des spécificités acoustiques du lieu dans lequel la parole est émise. Pierre Schaeffer nous montre ainsi qu'un <a href="/node/10327" title="Microphone à ruban">micro à ruban</a>&nbsp;donnera une couleur spécifique à la voix. Les techniques de mixage permettent également de supprimer ou d'accentuer certaines fréquences de la voix enregistrée, la rendant ainsi à loisir plus grave, plus aigue, plus douce ou plus aigre, horripilante ou irrésistible.</p>\r\n<p>Le chenal phonatoire, véritable instrument de la parole, peut se retrouver prolongé par diverses prothèses qui peuvent radicalement modifier la perception du \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><em>Le timbre comme ressource</em></h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Il est difficile de réduire le timbre uniquement à des propriétés physiques : en tant que singularité, marqueur d'identité, il s'agit aussi d'une construction sociale, d'une ressource que le locuteur peut mobiliser et moduler, de manière à produire certains effets spécifiques, en réponse au contexte dans lequel il agit.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Il est difficile de réduire le timbre uniquement à des propriétés physiques : en tant que singularité, marqueur d'identité, il s'agit aussi d'une constructio \r\n <p>Les techniques de cri des <a href="/node/9586" title="Le cri qui va dedans">chanteurs de <em>grindcore</em></a> du groupe Eye Sea nous montrent ainsi une manière de "sortir" de son timbre et de modifier la chair de la voix. À l'inverse, les technologies de communication permettent de jouer avec une très faible intensité, comme le message que cette <a href="/node/9584" title="J'me sens de plus en plus seule">jeune femme </a>enregistre pour son amoureux.</p>\r\n<p>Les techniques de cri des <a href="/node/9586" title="Le cri qui va dedans">chanteurs de <em>grindcore</em></a> du groupe Eye Sea nous montrent ainsi une man \r\n <p>On a déjà vu le cas de la voix de Sylvie Caspar : suave, intime, érotique. On sait aussi comment les voix des <a href="/node/9552" title="Comme les navigateurs d'autrefois">reportages</a>, des <a href="/node/9592" title="Une énorme boule de feu">dessins animés</a>, des jeux télévisés, des messageries vocales, des répondeurs d'entreprises, des <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8390f9d8-5e1f-4adf-8d5b-9011f2520dce" href="/node/9744">annonces du métro parisien</a>,&nbsp;utilisent des timbres savamment choisis pour leur caractère plus ou moins&nbsp;<a href="/node/9583" title="Hold &amp; Release">rassurant</a>,\u{FEFF}&nbsp;<a href="/node/9517" title="Flash Gordon">aventurier</a>,&nbsp;<a href="/node/9518" title="Une paralysie générale presque immédiate">dramatique</a>, <a href="/node/9519" title="Reprendre une planète occupée">grave</a>, <a href="/node/9528" title="Deux marques automobiles aux personnalités distinctes">institutionnel</a>, etc. La publicité en particulier exploite un petit nombre de "personnages timbraux" selon des codes assez rigides : <a href="/node/9596">l'homme de cinquante ans</a>&nbsp;au timbre viril, rassurant et chaleureux, georgeclooneyesque, un peu granuleux et grasseyant, utilisé pour vendre du café, des parfums, des voitures de sport ou annoncer les films du dimanche soir ; la <a href="/node/9527" title="Tu vois le gros cube">"mère de famille sexy"</a>&nbsp;au timbre clair, souriant, légèrement rengorgé, soutenu par des intonations américaines, qui vante des shampooings ou des lingettes ; le <a href="/node/9516" title="Elle est super forte en matelas">jeune désinvolte</a>&nbsp;au timbre plein d'avenir et aux intonations traînantes, tout prêt à emménager avec sa copine ; <a href="/node/9580">le faux-enfant espiègle</a>&nbsp;(écouter aussi <a href="/node/9522" title="Te taper les fesses par terre"><em>Te taper les fesses par terre</em></a>) à la voix acidulée et enthousiaste ; le <a href="/node/9800" title="Those bad hard drugs">personnage de cartoon</a>&nbsp;au timbre irréel et familier à la fois ; <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="183e94ee-9d6f-4ebe-b448-5bf8707661d6" href="/node/9789">l</a><a href="/node/9789">e </a><a href="/node/4996" title="Un mec qui parlait comme ça">noir des années 70</a>&nbsp;au ton exagérément grave et articulé.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>On a déjà vu le cas de la voix de Sylvie Caspar : suave, intime, érotique. On sait aussi comment les voix des <a href="/node/9552" title="Comme les navigateu \r\n <p>C'est ainsi que la profondeur et la chaleur "virile" de la voix de <a href="/node/10223" title="Ça m'arrive à moi">Michel Sardou</a>&nbsp;lui permettent d'asséner, sur un ton paternaliste, quelques vérités bien réactionnaires. De son côté, <a href="/node/10338" title="Nous nous guidons de bicyclette">Bourvil</a>, en s'interviewant lui-même, nous montre comment il use de sa voix pour construire son personnage public.</p>\r\n<p>C'est ainsi que la profondeur et la chaleur "virile" de la voix de <a href="/node/10223" title="Ça m'arrive à moi">Michel Sardou</a>&nbsp;lui permettent d'as \r\n <p>L'usage du timbre, parmi d'autres stratégies d'interprétation, permet ainsi de répondre aux attentes stéréotypées d'un journaliste comme dans ce <a href="/node/9772" title="C'est gentil d'accepter de me parler">canular</a>,&nbsp;ou encore lors de ce meeting du <a href="/node/9717" title="They didn't understand">Parti républicain américain</a>, de caricaturer les détracteurs du conservatisme.</p>\r\n<p>L'usage du timbre, parmi d'autres stratégies d'interprétation, permet ainsi de répondre aux attentes stéréotypées d'un journaliste comme dans ce <a href="/no \r\n <p>On peut conclure comme on a commencé, par une série d'imitations : dans cette&nbsp;histoire du <a href="/node/10359" title="Sangoku">manga Dragon Ball</a>, racontée par Yves Lecoq empruntant&nbsp;les voix de personnalités connues, c'est surtout le <em>phonostyle</em>, c'est-à-dire la manière dont Jacques Chirac ou Johnny Hallyday <em>jouent</em>&nbsp;de leur timbre, de leurs inflexions et de leurs prononciations,&nbsp;que l'imitateur reproduit.</p>\r\n<p>On peut conclure comme on a commencé, par une série d'imitations : dans cette&nbsp;histoire du <a href="/node/10359" title="Sangoku">manga Dragon Ball</a>, r \r\n <p>Le timbre, "c’est l’homme (la femme) même", mais tel qu’il ou elle se donne à entendre.&nbsp;\u{FEFF}</p>\r\n """ "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] ] "field_workflow" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "generique_publie" ] ] ] ] #fields: [] #fieldDefinitions: array:26 [ "tid" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1169 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => 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Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "description" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1271 #entityTypeId: "base_field_override" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.description" #status: true #uuid: "5509f40c-85b9-4c1a-85a6-e6e7d7144e83" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:1 [ 0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "text" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.description" #field_name: "description" #field_type: "text_long" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Description" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: true #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "weight" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1211 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1212 #string: "Weight" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1213 #string: "The weight of this term in relation to other terms." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => 0 ] ] "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "weight" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1214 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:integer" "settings" => array:6 [ "unsigned" => false "size" => "normal" "min" => "" "max" => "" "prefix" => "" "suffix" => "" ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1211} } #type: "integer" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "parent" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1266 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1267 #string: "Term Parents" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1268 #string: "The parents of this term." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "cardinality" => -1 "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "parent" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => "entrees" ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1269 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:entity_reference" "settings" => array:3 [ "target_type" => "taxonomy_term" "handler" => "default" "handler_settings" => array:1 [ "target_bundles" => array:1 [ "entrees" => "entrees" ] ] ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1266} } #type: "entity_reference" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "changed" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1272 #entityTypeId: "base_field_override" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.changed" #status: true #uuid: "435b8bf3-cfa0-4eb6-a19b-ed5ef57e27a6" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:1 [ "config" => array:1 [ 0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.changed" #field_name: "changed" #field_type: "changed" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Modifié" #description: "L'heure à laquelle le terme a été édité pour la dernière fois." #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "default_langcode" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1223 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1224 #string: "Default translation" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1225 #string: "A flag indicating whether this is the default translation." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "translatable" => true "revisionable" => true "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => true ] ] "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "default_langcode" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1226 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1227 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1228 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1223} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "revision_default" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1229 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1230 #string: "Default revision" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1231 #string: "A flag indicating whether this was a default revision when it was saved." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "storage_required" => true "internal" => true "translatable" => false "revisionable" => true "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "revision_default" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1232 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1233 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1234 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1229} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "revision_translation_affected" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1235 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1236 #string: "Revision translation affected" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1237 #string: "Indicates if the last edit of a translation belongs to current revision." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "read-only" => true "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "revision_translation_affected" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1238 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1239 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1240 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1235} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "metatag" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1241 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1242 #string: "Metatags (Hidden field for JSON support)" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1243 #string: "The computed meta tags for the entity." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "computed" => true "translatable" => true "read-only" => true "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "cardinality" => -1 "provider" => "metatag" "field_name" => "metatag" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1244 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:metatag_computed" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1241} } #type: "metatag_computed" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "path" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1273 #entityTypeId: "base_field_override" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.path" #status: true #uuid: "ad1042f1-dcec-47c3-8992-724bfb598beb" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:1 [ 0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "path" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.path" #field_name: "path" #field_type: "path" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Alias d'URL" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "content_translation_source" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1248 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1249 #string: "Translation source" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1250 #string: "The source language from which this translation was created." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "und" ] ] "initial_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "und" ] ] "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_source" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1251 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:language" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1248} } #type: "language" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_outdated" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1252 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1253 #string: "Translation outdated" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1254 #string: "A boolean indicating whether this translation needs to be updated." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => false ] ] "initial_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => false ] ] "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_outdated" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1255 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1256 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1257 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1252} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_uid" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1258 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1259 #string: "Translation author" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1260 #string: "The author of this translation." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "revisionable" => true "default_value_callback" => "Drupal\taxonomy\TermTranslationHandler::getDefaultOwnerId" "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_uid" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1261 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:entity_reference" "settings" => array:3 [ "target_type" => "user" "handler" => "default" "handler_settings" => [] ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1258} } #type: "entity_reference" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_created" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1262 #definition: array:8 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1263 #string: "Translation created time" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1264 #string: "The Unix timestamp when the translation was created." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_created" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1265 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:created" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1262} } #type: "created" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "field_color" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1274 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_color" #status: true #uuid: "185764a3-7cbf-4de2-a7b1-aafab3624b20" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_color" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "color_field" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_color" #field_name: "field_color" #field_type: "color_field_type" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Color" #description: "" #settings: array:1 [ "opacity" => 0 ] #required: true #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } "field_notice" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1275 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_notice" #status: true #uuid: "1c4e5658-bc6e-4713-95c8-1f05a3b37dcb" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_notice" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "text" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_notice" #field_name: "field_notice" #field_type: "text_long" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Notice" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: true #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } "field_workflow" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1276 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_workflow" #status: true #uuid: "e0dc8009-88cd-48a6-9333-ab4666478b8f" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_workflow" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "workflow" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_workflow" #field_name: "field_workflow" #field_type: "workflow" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Workflow" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: true #translatable: false #default_value: array:1 [ 0 => [] ] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } ] #languages: array:4 [ "fr" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1097 #name: "French" #id: "fr" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 0 #locked: false } "en" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1096 #name: "English" #id: "en" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 1 #locked: false } "und" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1098 #name: "Non spécifié" #id: "und" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 2 #locked: true } "zxx" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1088 #name: "Non applicable" #id: "zxx" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 3 #locked: true } ] #langcodeKey: "langcode" #defaultLangcodeKey: "default_langcode" #activeLangcode: "x-default" #enforceDefaultTranslation: null #defaultLangcode: "fr" #translations: array:2 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ "status" => 1 ] "en" => array:1 [ "status" => 1 ] ] #translationInitialize: false #newRevision: false #isDefaultRevision: "1" #entityKeys: array:4 [ "bundle" => "entrees" "id" => "123" "revision" => "123" "uuid" => "8d42ddd8-9b74-4254-8a74-d1bfb5bc47a7" ] #translatableEntityKeys: array:5 [ "label" => array:2 [ "en" => "Timbre" "x-default" => "Timbres" ] "langcode" => array:2 [ "x-default" => "fr" "en" => "en" ] "published" => array:2 [ "en" => "1" "x-default" => "1" ] "default_langcode" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_translation_affected" => array:2 [ "en" => null "x-default" => "1" ] ] #validated: false #validationRequired: false #loadedRevisionId: "123" #revisionTranslationAffectedKey: "revision_translation_affected" #enforceRevisionTranslationAffected: [] #isSyncing: false }