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Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term {#1085 #entityTypeId: "taxonomy_term" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: [] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #values: array:25 [ "tid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "119" ] "revision_id" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "119" ] "vid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "entrees" ] "uuid" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "498addfd-b5c0-457e-8304-503bf80ecd0f" ] "langcode" => array:2 [ "x-default" => "fr" "en" => "en" ] "revision_default" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_user" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "revision_created" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "revision_log_message" => array:1 [ "x-default" => null ] "isDefaultRevision" => array:1 [ "x-default" => "1" ] "name" => array:2 [ "en" => "Compression" "x-default" => "Compressions" ] "description" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "value" => "<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Practice that aims to reduce, shorten, compress, or contract speech. Compression allows one to save time or catch their breath. It creates impressions of speed, blurring, mush, or encryption.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Practice that aims to reduce, shorten, compress, or contrac" "format" => "wysiwyg" ] "x-default" => array:2 [ "value" => "<p>Stratégies visant à réduire, raccourcir, comprimer, contracter une parole. La compression permet de gagner du temps ou du souffle. Elle crée des effets de vélocité, de brouillage, de bouillie ou de cryptage.</p>\r\n<p>Stratégies visant à réduire, raccourcir, comprimer, contracter une parole. La compression permet de gagner du temps ou du souffle. Elle crée des effets de vé" "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] "changed" => array:2 [ "en" => "1721121661" "x-default" => "1721121661" ] "default_langcode" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "1" ] "content_translation_source" => array:2 [ "en" => "fr" "x-default" => "und" ] "content_translation_outdated" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "0" ] "content_translation_uid" => array:2 [ "en" => "32" "x-default" => "0" ] "content_translation_created" => array:2 [ "en" => "1523447447" "x-default" => "1523624452" ] "status" => array:2 [ "en" => "1" "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_translation_affected" => array:2 [ "en" => null "x-default" => "1" ] "weight" => array:2 [ "en" => "-8" "x-default" => "-8" ] "parent" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "target_id" => "0" ] ] ] "field_color" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "color" => "#5270BB" "opacity" => null ] ] ] "field_notice" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "value" => """ <p><strong>Compression | Practice that aims to reduce, shorten, compress, or contract speech. Compression allows one to save time or catch their breath. It creates impressions of speed, blurring, mush, or encryption.</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Compression | Practice that aims to reduce, shorten, compress, or contract speech. Compression allows one to save time or catch their breath. It crea \r\n <p><i>Compression</i> occurs when we hear an utterance that seems shorter than what we were expecting. Spoken language is filled with practices that aim to save time, avoid redundancy, and state things <i>in short</i>. This collection has chosen to distinguish between different types of compression not only in terms of processing<b> </b>methods but also in terms of the units of language, or scale of discourse, it acts upon.</p>\r\n<p><i>Compression</i> occurs when we hear an utterance that seems shorter than what we were expecting. Spoken language is filled with practices that aim to save \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Compression by output acceleration</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>This first level of compression is the simplest: speech is compressed to the extent that a speaker is talking much more quickly than the norm, whether for stylistic effect, as in <a href="/node/9669">double-time raps</a> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">with <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="46e4394d-4f11-4f39-bb6d-2b63c545c3fd" href="/node/12245">certain American auctioneers</a>, in response to a challenge, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="548ce01f-6200-44d1-8ff2-a2b5b531394b" href="/node/9670">“speed-debates”</a> held at American universities, when caught in the momentum of an explanation, as <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ee8d6c7d-91c8-4fab-8008-bbd42970baab" href="/node/9447">Michel Rocard is here</a>, or because one has been <a href="/node/9672">overcome by a violent emotion</a> (<i>sic</i>)—(see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3e81e3ab-9a61-421e-aa99-b537f86ce254" href="/node/9858"><i>Je bavarde toujours</i></a>). </span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>This first level of compression is the simplest: speech is compressed to the extent that a speaker is talking much more quickly than the norm, whether for st \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Articulatory compression</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Output acceleration often goes hand in hand with distorting word pronunciation: such is the case in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="cd9d5c20-13ce-4e21-8d1d-fa2b03be6fa7" href="/node/9854">this excerpt of the film <i>La BM du Seigneur</i></a> by Jean-Charles Hue, or in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0dfc11bb-615b-438a-bbce-d1badbd15b4e" href="/node/10226">this interview where Françoise Sagan</a> personally explains that the typist must slow down the tape recorder’s speed to be able to understand the words that are coming from it. This same process of eating up one’s words can be heard in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="20246a9b-e909-4751-9cd4-53f3d51d1f0e" href="/node/9446">an excerpt of the film <i>L’Esquive</i></a>, where a scene from a Marivaux play is spoken at top speed by an actor whose shyness (desire to be heard as little as possible) gives us the impression that his syllables have been pressed together (see also <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="dd8ce76e-bc40-4760-a216-cae98fff360a" href="/node/9563"><i>La nécessité de vivre ensemble</i></a>).</p>\r\n<p>Output acceleration often goes hand in hand with distorting word pronunciation: such is the case in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type= \r\n <p>In this short excerpt from <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="30687949-2f09-47f2-be76-1876845a1711" href="/node/10233">an interview with criminal Charles Manson</a>, in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="fd6f9c44-3f83-4fdd-a33a-983a0d8e562e" href="/node/9477">this excerpt of the film <i>Hibernatus</i></a> starring Louis De Funès, or even in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0b4c93f6-05de-45e6-9102-5a07384f2c07" href="/node/9444">this Dario Fo performance</a>, phoneme compression is so exaggerated that it makes each speaker’s words sound burlesque and parodic. Similarly, Jean <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2e176907-4edd-4511-821d-5ef2dde09b8f" href="/node/9856">Sas unnerves his interlocutor</a> in this street interview by pretending to stammer before speeding through parts of his questions.<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:110%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;The poet Jaap Blonk has stylized this process in an exemplary way by <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="039923c1-8d8b-4d05-8361-c6fa6d58377c" href="/node/9434">methodically removing vowels and diphthongs from a given expression</a>.</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>In this short excerpt from <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="30687949-2f09-47f2-be76-1876845a1711" href="/nod \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Morphological compression</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Morphological compression takes place when words or phrases are literally abridged. The most common forms of abridgment are <i>syncopes</i> (<i>v’là</i>,<i> </i>short for <i>voilà</i>), <i>apocopes</i> (<i>ciné</i>, short for <i>cinéma</i>), and <i>aphereses</i> (<i>bus</i>, short for <i>autobus</i>). This process can even be heard in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0c3f2e95-f96f-4e2c-a0f1-b38b415b035c" href="/node/9810">a rap song by Seth Gueko</a>, as well as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="37e89797-7834-4cea-a754-be744122c4a1" href="/node/9479">another scene from the film <i>L’Esquive</i></a>. Likewise <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1626ad31-ebc9-41ba-85bd-6b11ade0fb35" href="/node/9445">when Patrick Modiano quotes Baudelaire’s famous line</a>, “<i>Mais le vert paradis des amours enfantines</i>” [“But the green paradise of childish love”]: either he considers this literary reference to be sufficiently well-known for his interlocutor to recognize it, or he is suddenly taken aback by the thought of repeating the root <i>enfan-</i> [child]—he removes the last two syllables from the word <i>enfantines</i> [childish].</p>\r\n<p>Morphological compression takes place when words or phrases are literally abridged. The most common forms of abridgment are <i>syncopes</i> (<i>v’là</i>,<i> \r\n <p>This type of compression is also used as a rhetorical figure: when <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5eac0f48-2d3d-42ed-9542-6dc19a4a6467" href="/node/9439">Jérôme Game reads his poems</a>, utterances are arbitrarily truncated, often in the middle of words, forcing listeners to mentally rebuild the missing halves with all of the accompanying ambiguities such a process creates.</p>\r\n<p>This type of compression is also used as a rhetorical figure: when <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5eac0f48 \r\n <p>Other types of abridgment, very common in everyday speech, are acronyms or initialisms, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="24f115f6-1eb3-4d34-a2c2-528f49d8405d" href="/node/10218">this excerpt from a <i>Grand Magasin</i> show</a>, in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="65983b54-56c2-401d-b42d-886dd250ce2b" href="/node/10247">this interview parody</a> with a financial analyst or, even more absurdly, in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ef1333f3-7024-46b3-b86f-a171a4b6f6f3" href="/node/9675">this video found on YouTube</a>.</p>\r\n<p>Other types of abridgment, very common in everyday speech, are acronyms or initialisms, as in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Syntactic compression</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Another way of compressing discourse is to trim the very structure of what is being spoken: removing articles, pronouns, prepositions, even entire swaths of an utterance.<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:110%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;Asyndeton, for example, is a rhetorical figure that cuts down an utterance by removing its logical connectors and conjunctions, like when <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="14c8e80e-b781-4f87-8d71-3485f1f069b0" href="/node/10245">journalist Jean-François Kahn</a> gets carried away with himself. This kind of syntactic compression can also be used as a poetic technique, as can be heard in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3119db00-f423-4f8c-a691-d685b1dacafe" href="/node/9674">this reading by Olivier Cadiot</a>.</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>Another way of compressing discourse is to trim the very structure of what is being spoken: removing articles, pronouns, prepositions, even entire swaths of \r\n <p>Onomatopoeia is another very effective means of syntactic compression, as in this example of <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4fd957fe-671b-47f1-a7b1-d2d7c6ad692d" href="/node/9855">a witness to a car accident</a> whose narrative mirrors the speed and brutality of the event being described. Poets and actors are masters at playing with an onomatopoeia’s power of ambiguity and evocation: : take futurist Marinetti’s poem <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6dc39fd9-b521-46da-b2cc-aea3c9e2b196" href="/node/9478"><i>Battaglia di Adrianopoli</i></a>, for example, or Louis de Funès in <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a0260880-2899-4230-b98b-72f05357d3e4" href="/node/9433">another excerpt of <i>Hibernatus</i></a>, or Jacques Villeret in Jean Girault’s film <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="bde62d74-6599-4ae4-8bcf-c6b238d9975e" href="/node/9668"><i>La Soupe aux choux</i></a>.</p>\r\n<p>Onomatopoeia is another very effective means of syntactic compression, as in this example of <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Rhetorical compression</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Other possible examples of compression, albeit at a different scale, are processes where a word, sound, or phrase replace entire swaths of discourse. <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8460f370-4875-492c-8e48-c2267d5fe09e" href="/node/9673">A building manager compresses</a> the exasperation he feels about the occupants of the building he supervises into a whistling noise. One can also imagine that this whistling noise is replacing a word he cannot find or does not have the time to look for, as in this excerpt where a speaker produces a certain dramatic effect all while adequately illustrating what is being said <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="11387e7d-0277-4050-921f-ff259ec95b56" href="/node/9531">by imitating the sound of an alarm</a>. In this excerpt of a television show, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5f726727-a28a-4aa9-86b6-df0453447b0d" href="/node/9857">a man’s long moan</a> supplants his speech and serves as a response to the upsetting statement he has just heard.</p>\r\n<p>Other possible examples of compression, albeit at a different scale, are processes where a word, sound, or phrase replace entire swaths of discourse. <a data \r\n <p>In a certain way, pronouns (personal, demonstrative, relative) <i>compress</i> the utterances they stand for: they can be systematically decompressed on the condition of knowing the context they have been spoken in. A number of rhetorical strategies can be listed here. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Another excerpt from a work by Olivier Cadiot shows us <a href="/node/9438">the ironic use he makes of the term “et cetera”</a>: compressing an implicit whole presented as obvious but open, in reality, to a multitude of possible interpretations left to the listener’s imagination. </span></span></p>\r\n<p>In a certain way, pronouns (personal, demonstrative, relative) <i>compress</i> the utterances they stand for: they can be systematically decompressed on the \r\n <p>Conversely, a word or two can contain an entire formalized implicit statement within itself: such is the case when saying “I do” at a wedding, which is a compression of the whole matrimonial contract as it has just been uttered by a state or religious authority. In an excerpt of <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b7cd1195-92d6-4280-901c-2322bf30d35a" href="/node/9562">Prince Charles and Diana Spencer’s marriage ceremony</a>, we can thus hear how the “I will” spoken by the spouses is charged with all that it represents for the British state, the English Monarchy, the Anglican Church, the Windsor family, and maybe the princely couple’s love as well. This moment can be compared to the one that follows it, where the contracting parties are made to repeat each word of the engagement they have just agreed to.</p>\r\n<p>Conversely, a word or two can contain an entire formalized implicit statement within itself: such is the case when saying “I do” at a wedding, which is a com \r\n <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Another example of rhetorical compression can be found in certain slogans or catchphrases: <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a43b6920-d67a-43e2-a299-17f01759395d" href="/node/9811">when a group of women chant</a>, “Yes, Dad; yes, Honey; yes, Boss—we’re sick of it!”a significant part of feminist discourse finds itself compressed into this ironic calling out of patriarchy.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Another example of rhetorical compression can be found in c """ "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "value" => """ <p><strong>Compression | Stratégies visant à réduire, raccourcir, comprimer, contracter une parole. La compression permet de gagner du temps ou du souffle. Elle crée des effets de vélocité, de brouillage, de bouillie ou de cryptage.</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Compression | Stratégies visant à réduire, raccourcir, comprimer, contracter une parole. La compression permet de gagner du temps ou du souffle. Elle \r\n <p>Compresser, c’est réduire le volume que prend quelque chose. Dans le domaine de la parole, on pourrait dire qu’un énoncé est compressé quand il nous apparaît plus court que ce à quoi nous nous attendions. La langue parlée est riche de stratégies visant à gagner du temps, à éviter les redondances, à abréger, à résumer, à synthétiser, à percuter. La compression est parfois aussi le résultat d’une précipitation, d’un trouble, d’une émotion, d’une idiosyncrasie.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Compresser, c’est réduire le volume que prend quelque chose. Dans le domaine de la parole, on pourrait dire qu’un énoncé est compressé quand il nous apparaît \r\n <p>La collection s’est attachée à distinguer différents types de compressions, en fonction non seulement des procédés employés mais aussi de l’échelle du discours&nbsp;&nbsp;sur laquelle ils s’exercent.</p>\r\n<p>La collection s’est attachée à distinguer différents types de compressions, en fonction non seulement des procédés employés mais aussi de l’échelle du discou \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre"><br />\r\n Compression par accélération du débit&nbsp;</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Une parole peut d’abord être compressée dans la mesure où le locuteur parle plus vite que la norme (environ 5 syllabes par seconde dans un grand nombre de langues), comme ici&nbsp;&nbsp;<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3e81e3ab-9a61-421e-aa99-b537f86ce254" href="/node/9858">M. Liochon</a> interviewé pour <em>Le petit rapporteur</em>. Dans d’autres cas, c’est un effet de style, comme dans le <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="afe184cf-533f-4d7f-90fa-8378175690a4" href="/node/9671">rap double-time</a>, les <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7ac96c3c-b263-44f4-ad9b-fd74291528a8" href="/node/10131">virelangues</a> ou chez certains <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="46e4394d-4f11-4f39-bb6d-2b63c545c3fd" href="/node/12245">commissaires-priseurs étatsuniens</a>, un défi comme dans les "<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="548ce01f-6200-44d1-8ff2-a2b5b531394b" href="/node/9670">speed-debates</a>" organisés dans des universités américaines, ou la conséquence d’une grande émotion comme <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3631facd-ef30-4311-97d8-dbaea182a862" href="/node/9672">ici Jean-Luc Delarue</a>.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Une parole peut d’abord être compressée dans la mesure où le locuteur parle plus vite que la norme (environ 5 syllabes par seconde dans un grand nombre de la \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Compression articulatoire&nbsp;</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>L’accélération du débit s’accompagne souvent d’une déformation de la prononciation, comme quand <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ee8d6c7d-91c8-4fab-8008-bbd42970baab" href="/node/9447">Michel Rocard</a> est pris par le feu d'une explication très technique. On l’entend aussi dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="cd9d5c20-13ce-4e21-8d1d-fa2b03be6fa7" href="/node/9854">cet extrait du film <em>La BM du Seigneur</em></a> \u{FEFF}de Jean-Charles Hue, ou dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0dfc11bb-615b-438a-bbce-d1badbd15b4e" href="/node/10226">cette interview de Françoise Sagan</a> expliquant elle-même que sa dactylo est obligée de ralentir la vitesse de défilement du magnétophone pour étirer sa parole et distinguer les mots.</p>\r\n<p>L’accélération du débit s’accompagne souvent d’une déformation de la prononciation, comme quand <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="nod \r\n <p>Les mots sont mangés d’une manière similaire dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="20246a9b-e909-4751-9cd4-53f3d51d1f0e" href="/node/9446">cette scène de répétition d’un atelier théâtre extraite du film <em>L’Esquive</em></a>, où une scène de Marivaux est dite à toute vitesse par un acteur dont le trouble produit un effet d’emboutissage des syllabes les unes dans les autres — de même dans&nbsp;<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a596d847-1591-4e0f-89da-d429ee930d53" href="/node/12377">cette lecture d’une lettre d’excuses devant un conseil de discipline</a>. Dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="dd8ce76e-bc40-4760-a216-cae98fff360a" href="/node/9563">cet entretien radiophonique</a>, c’est la reprise des termes de l’intervieweur qui produit la compression articulatoire.</p>\r\n<p>Les mots sont mangés d’une manière similaire dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="20246a9b-e909-4751-9cd4-5 \r\n <p>Ce phénomène est exacerbé jusqu’à lui donner une dimension ironique ou burlesque dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="30687949-2f09-47f2-be76-1876845a1711" href="/node/10233">cette interview du criminel Charles Manson</a>, dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="fd6f9c44-3f83-4fdd-a33a-983a0d8e562e" href="/node/9477">cet extrait du film Hibernatu</a>s, ou encore dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0b4c93f6-05de-45e6-9102-5a07384f2c07" href="/node/9444">cette performance de Dario Fo</a>. De même, dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2e176907-4edd-4511-821d-5ef2dde09b8f" href="/node/9856">ce micro-trottoir de 1971\u{FEFF}\u{FEFF}</a>, l’humoriste Jean Sas, marmonne et précipite une partie de ses questions, déconcertant son interlocuteur.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Ce phénomène est exacerbé jusqu’à lui donner une dimension ironique ou burlesque dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-en \r\n <p>La compression articulatoire trouve son expression la plus stylisée <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="039923c1-8d8b-4d05-8361-c6fa6d58377c" href="/node/9434">chez le poète Jaap Blonk</a>, lequel expurge méthodiquement les voyelles et diphtongues d'une phrase répétée jusqu’à sa quasi-disparition.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>La compression articulatoire trouve son expression la plus stylisée <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="039923c \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Compression morphologique&nbsp;</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>La compression morphologique désigne des cas où des mots ou locutions sont littéralement abrégés. Ce type d’abréviations est très courant dans la parole ordinaire, que ce soient les syncopes (“d’bout”), les apocopes (“ciné”), les aphérèses (“bus”).</p>\r\n<p>La compression morphologique désigne des cas où des mots ou locutions sont littéralement abrégés. Ce type d’abréviations est très courant dans la parole ordi \r\n <p>Ainsi, dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="37e89797-7834-4cea-a754-be744122c4a1" href="/node/9479">cette autre scène du film <em>L'Esquive</em></a>, le personnage produit les syncopes “t’ça”, “que’que”, “v’là”.</p>\r\n<p>Ainsi, dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="37e89797-7834-4cea-a754-be744122c4a1" href="/node/9479">cette a \r\n <p>Quand <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1626ad31-ebc9-41ba-85bd-6b11ade0fb35" href="/node/9445">Patrick Modiano cite le célèbre vers de Baudelaire</a>, « Mais le vert paradis des amours enfantines »,&nbsp;soit qu’il estime la référence littéraire suffisamment connue de son interlocuteur, soit qu'il recule soudain devant la répétition du mot “enfance”, il fait une apocope en amputant le mot "enfantines" de ses deux dernières syllabes.</p>\r\n<p>Quand <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1626ad31-ebc9-41ba-85bd-6b11ade0fb35" href="/node/9445">Patrick Modia \r\n <p>D'autres types d'abréviations, très courantes dans la langue usuelle, en particulier dans certains jargons d’entreprise, sont les acronymes ou les sigles : ainsi <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="894cd644-4cd7-4ecb-922f-08f88a27ac38" href="/node/9436">dans ce document</a>. Leur caractère cryptique peut être une ressource comique, comme dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="24f115f6-1eb3-4d34-a2c2-528f49d8405d" href="/node/10218">cet extrait d'un spectacle de Grand Magasin</a> ou dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="65983b54-56c2-401d-b42d-886dd250ce2b" href="/node/10247">cette parodie d'interview d'un analyste de la Bourse</a>. Cela peut être aussi une ressource ludique, comme dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ef1333f3-7024-46b3-b86f-a171a4b6f6f3" href="/node/9675">ce battle entre adolescentes</a>.</p>\r\n<p>D'autres types d'abréviations, très courantes dans la langue usuelle, en particulier dans certains jargons d’entreprise, sont les acronymes ou les sigles : a \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Compression syntaxique</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Une autre manière de compresser le discours, c'est de faire subir des élagages aux énoncés dans leur structure même : suppression des articles, des pronoms, des prépositions, et jusqu'à des pans entiers de l'énoncé. Ainsi l'asyndète est une figure qui réduit un énoncé en en supprimant les liens logiques et les conjonctions, comme <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="14c8e80e-b781-4f87-8d71-3485f1f069b0" href="/node/10245">chez le journaliste Jean-François Kahn emporté par sa verve</a>.</p>\r\n<p>Une autre manière de compresser le discours, c'est de faire subir des élagages aux énoncés dans leur structure même : suppression des articles, des pronoms, \r\n <p>Ce genre de compression syntaxique peut aussi relever du procédé poétique : on l’entend dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3119db00-f423-4f8c-a691-d685b1dacafe" href="/node/9674">cette lecture d'Olivier Cadiot</a>, ou de <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5eac0f48-2d3d-42ed-9542-6dc19a4a6467" href="/node/9439">Jérôme Game</a> :&nbsp;&nbsp;les énoncés sont coupés comme arbitrairement, obligeant l'auditeur à reconstituer mentalement les moitiés manquantes, avec toutes les équivoques afférentes.</p>\r\n<p>Ce genre de compression syntaxique peut aussi relever du procédé poétique : on l’entend dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Compression référentielle</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Relèvent peut-être également de la compression, à une autre échelle, les procédés par lesquels un mot ou un son expriment une action ou une émotion et se substituent ainsi à des pans entiers de discours. Ainsi les pronoms (personnels, démonstratifs, relatifs), d'une certaine manière, compressent les énoncés pour lesquels ils valent : ils peuvent être systématiquement décompressés à condition d'avoir connaissance du contexte.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Relèvent peut-être également de la compression, à une autre échelle, les procédés par lesquels un mot ou un son expriment une action ou une émotion et se sub \r\n <p>À ce titre, l’onomatopée est une stratégie de compression très efficace, par exemple pour <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4fd957fe-671b-47f1-a7b1-d2d7c6ad692d" href="/node/9855">ce témoin d’un accident de la route\u{FEFF}</a>, dont le récit mime la rapidité et la brutalité de l’événement.\u{FEFF}&nbsp;Les poètes et les acteurs savent parfaitement jouer du pouvoir d’évocation et d’ambiguïté des onomatopées : ainsi le futuriste Marinetti <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6dc39fd9-b521-46da-b2cc-aea3c9e2b196" href="/node/9478">dans son poème </a><em><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6dc39fd9-b521-46da-b2cc-aea3c9e2b196" href="/node/9478">Battaglia di Adrianopoli</a> </em>ou Louis de Funès dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a0260880-2899-4230-b98b-72f05357d3e4" href="/node/9433">un autre extrait d'<em>Hibernatus</em></a>.</p>\r\n<p>À ce titre, l’onomatopée est une stratégie de compression très efficace, par exemple pour <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" dat \r\n <p>Dans un registre moins spectaculaire, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8460f370-4875-492c-8e48-c2267d5fe09e" href="/node/9673">un gardien d'immeuble compresse dans un petit sifflement</a> l'exaspération qu'il éprouve vis-à-vis des occupants de l'immeuble dont il a la charge. On peut aussi penser que le sifflement vient ici prendre la place du mot qui ne lui vient pas aux lèvres et qu'il n'a pas le temps de chercher. Dans <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="59e061d9-27e9-4795-a7a4-042569c7ff75" href="/node/12576">cet autre extrait</a>, c'est l'esclaffement du locuteur qui exprime tout son sentiment vis-à-vis de la question posée.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Dans un registre moins spectaculaire, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8460f370-4875-492c-8e48-c2267d5fe09e" \r\n <p>De nombreuses autres stratégies de compression référentielles ou rhétoriques pourraient ici être répertoriées. Un <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="519c6f19-af33-4879-8579-542d91f028f6" href="/node/9526">deuxième extrait d'Olivier Cadiot</a> montre par exemple l'usage ironique qu'il fait du "et cetera"&nbsp;: compression de tout un implicite donné comme obvie mais ouvrant en réalité sur une multiplicité d'interprétations laissées à la fantaisie de l'auditeur.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>De nombreuses autres stratégies de compression référentielles ou rhétoriques pourraient ici être répertoriées. Un <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" dat \r\n <h4 class="inter-titre">Enjeux symboliques de la compression</h4>\r\n \r\n <p>Un exemple particulier de compression référentielle nous est donné par certaines formules ou certains slogans : quand des femmes scandent "<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a43b6920-d67a-43e2-a299-17f01759395d" href="/node/9811">Oui Papa, oui Chéri, oui Patron, y'en a marre !</a>",&nbsp;&nbsp;c'est une partie importante des revendications féministes qui est compressée dans cette désignation synthétique du patriarcat.\u{FEFF}\u{FEFF}</p>\r\n<p>Un exemple particulier de compression référentielle nous est donné par certaines formules ou certains slogans : quand des femmes scandent "<a data-entity-sub \r\n <p>De même, il arrive que dans un mot ou deux soit contenu tout un implicite très formalisé : c'est le cas du "oui" du mariage qui est une compression de tout le contrat matrimonial tel qu'il vient d'être énoncé par l'autorité étatique ou religieuse. Dans <a href="I will">un extrait de la cérémonie de mariage de Diana Spencer et du Prince Charles</a>, on peut ainsi entendre comment le "I will" prononcé par les époux est lourd de tout ce qu'il représente pour l'État britannique, la Royauté anglaise, l'Église anglicane, la famille Windsor, et le consentement d’un couple princier.</p>\r\n<p>De même, il arrive que dans un mot ou deux soit contenu tout un implicite très formalisé : c'est le cas du "oui" du mariage qui est une compression de tout l """ "format" => "wysiwyg" ] ] ] "field_workflow" => array:1 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "generique_publie" ] ] ] ] #fields: [] #fieldDefinitions: array:26 [ "tid" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1169 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1170 #string: "Term ID" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "read-only" => true "description" => 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#field_type: "string" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Name" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: true #translatable: true #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "description" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1271 #entityTypeId: "base_field_override" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.description" #status: true #uuid: "5509f40c-85b9-4c1a-85a6-e6e7d7144e83" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:1 [ 0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "text" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.description" #field_name: "description" #field_type: "text_long" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Description" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: true #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "weight" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1211 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1212 #string: "Weight" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1213 #string: "The weight of this term in relation to other terms." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => 0 ] ] "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "weight" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1214 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:integer" "settings" => array:6 [ "unsigned" => false "size" => "normal" "min" => "" "max" => "" "prefix" => "" "suffix" => "" ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1211} } #type: "integer" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "parent" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1266 #definition: array:7 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1267 #string: "Term Parents" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1268 #string: "The parents of this term." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "cardinality" => -1 "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "parent" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => "entrees" ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1269 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:entity_reference" "settings" => array:3 [ "target_type" => "taxonomy_term" "handler" => "default" "handler_settings" => array:1 [ "target_bundles" => array:1 [ "entrees" => "entrees" ] ] ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1266} } #type: "entity_reference" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "changed" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1272 #entityTypeId: "base_field_override" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.changed" #status: true #uuid: "435b8bf3-cfa0-4eb6-a19b-ed5ef57e27a6" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:1 [ "config" => array:1 [ 0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.changed" #field_name: "changed" #field_type: "changed" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Modifié" #description: "L'heure à laquelle le terme a été édité pour la dernière fois." #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "default_langcode" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1223 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1224 #string: "Default translation" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1225 #string: "A flag indicating whether this is the default translation." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "translatable" => true "revisionable" => true "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => true ] ] "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "default_langcode" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1226 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1227 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1228 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1223} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "revision_default" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1229 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1230 #string: "Default revision" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1231 #string: "A flag indicating whether this was a default revision when it was saved." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "storage_required" => true "internal" => true "translatable" => false "revisionable" => true "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "revision_default" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1232 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1233 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1234 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1229} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "revision_translation_affected" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1235 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1236 #string: "Revision translation affected" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1237 #string: "Indicates if the last edit of a translation belongs to current revision." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "read-only" => true "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "taxonomy" "field_name" => "revision_translation_affected" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1238 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1239 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1240 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1235} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "metatag" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1241 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1242 #string: "Metatags (Hidden field for JSON support)" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1243 #string: "The computed meta tags for the entity." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "computed" => true "translatable" => true "read-only" => true "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "cardinality" => -1 "provider" => "metatag" "field_name" => "metatag" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1244 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:metatag_computed" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1241} } #type: "metatag_computed" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "path" => Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride {#1273 #entityTypeId: "base_field_override" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.path" #status: true #uuid: "ad1042f1-dcec-47c3-8992-724bfb598beb" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:1 [ 0 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "path" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.path" #field_name: "path" #field_type: "path" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Alias d'URL" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #baseFieldDefinition: null +original: ? Drupal\Core\Field\Entity\BaseFieldOverride } "content_translation_source" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1248 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1249 #string: "Translation source" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1250 #string: "The source language from which this translation was created." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "und" ] ] "initial_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => "und" ] ] "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_source" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1251 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:language" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1248} } #type: "language" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_outdated" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1252 #definition: array:10 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1253 #string: "Translation outdated" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1254 #string: "A boolean indicating whether this translation needs to be updated." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "default_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => false ] ] "initial_value" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "value" => false ] ] "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_outdated" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1255 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:boolean" "settings" => array:2 [ "on_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1256 #string: "On" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "off_label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1257 #string: "Off" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1252} } #type: "boolean" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_uid" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1258 #definition: array:9 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1259 #string: "Translation author" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1260 #string: "The author of this translation." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "revisionable" => true "default_value_callback" => "Drupal\taxonomy\TermTranslationHandler::getDefaultOwnerId" "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_uid" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1261 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:entity_reference" "settings" => array:3 [ "target_type" => "user" "handler" => "default" "handler_settings" => [] ] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1258} } #type: "entity_reference" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "content_translation_created" => Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1262 #definition: array:8 [ "label" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1263 #string: "Translation created time" #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#1264 #string: "The Unix timestamp when the translation was created." #arguments: [] #translatedMarkup: null #options: [] #stringTranslation: null } "revisionable" => true "translatable" => true "provider" => "content_translation" "field_name" => "content_translation_created" "entity_type" => "taxonomy_term" "bundle" => null ] #typedDataManager: null #itemDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\TypedData\FieldItemDataDefinition {#1265 #definition: array:2 [ "type" => "field_item:created" "settings" => [] ] #typedDataManager: null #fieldDefinition: Drupal\Core\Field\BaseFieldDefinition {#1262} } #type: "created" #propertyDefinitions: null #schema: null #indexes: [] } "field_color" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1274 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_color" #status: true #uuid: "185764a3-7cbf-4de2-a7b1-aafab3624b20" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_color" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "color_field" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_color" #field_name: "field_color" #field_type: "color_field_type" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Color" #description: "" #settings: array:1 [ "opacity" => 0 ] #required: true #translatable: false #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } "field_notice" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1275 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_notice" #status: true #uuid: "1c4e5658-bc6e-4713-95c8-1f05a3b37dcb" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_notice" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "text" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_notice" #field_name: "field_notice" #field_type: "text_long" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Notice" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: false #translatable: true #default_value: [] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } "field_workflow" => Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig {#1276 #entityTypeId: "field_config" #enforceIsNew: null #typedData: null #cacheContexts: array:2 [ 0 => "url.site" 1 => "languages:language_interface" ] #cacheTags: [] #cacheMaxAge: -1 #_serviceIds: [] #_entityStorages: [] #originalId: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_workflow" #status: true #uuid: "e0dc8009-88cd-48a6-9333-ab4666478b8f" -isUninstalling: false #langcode: "fr" #third_party_settings: [] #_core: [] #trustedData: false #dependencies: array:2 [ "config" => array:2 [ 0 => "field.storage.taxonomy_term.field_workflow" 1 => "taxonomy.vocabulary.entrees" ] "module" => array:1 [ 0 => "workflow" ] ] #isSyncing: false #id: "taxonomy_term.entrees.field_workflow" #field_name: "field_workflow" #field_type: "workflow" #entity_type: "taxonomy_term" #bundle: "entrees" #label: "Workflow" #description: "" #settings: [] #required: true #translatable: false #default_value: array:1 [ 0 => [] ] #default_value_callback: "" #fieldStorage: null #itemDefinition: null #constraints: [] #propertyConstraints: [] #deleted: false +original: ? Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig } ] #languages: array:4 [ "fr" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1097 #name: "French" #id: "fr" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 0 #locked: false } "en" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1096 #name: "English" #id: "en" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 1 #locked: false } "und" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1098 #name: "Non spécifié" #id: "und" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 2 #locked: true } "zxx" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#1088 #name: "Non applicable" #id: "zxx" #direction: "ltr" #weight: 3 #locked: true } ] #langcodeKey: "langcode" #defaultLangcodeKey: "default_langcode" #activeLangcode: "x-default" #enforceDefaultTranslation: null #defaultLangcode: "fr" #translations: array:2 [ "x-default" => array:1 [ "status" => 1 ] "en" => array:1 [ "status" => 1 ] ] #translationInitialize: false #newRevision: false #isDefaultRevision: "1" #entityKeys: array:4 [ "bundle" => "entrees" "id" => "119" "revision" => "119" "uuid" => "498addfd-b5c0-457e-8304-503bf80ecd0f" ] #translatableEntityKeys: array:5 [ "label" => array:2 [ "en" => "Compression" "x-default" => "Compressions" ] "langcode" => array:2 [ "x-default" => "fr" "en" => "en" ] "published" => array:2 [ "en" => "1" "x-default" => "1" ] "default_langcode" => array:2 [ "en" => "0" "x-default" => "1" ] "revision_translation_affected" => array:2 [ "en" => null "x-default" => "1" ] ] #validated: false #validationRequired: false #loadedRevisionId: "119" #revisionTranslationAffectedKey: "revision_translation_affected" #enforceRevisionTranslationAffected: [] #isSyncing: false }